先进清洁技术制造业（英）-115页_4mb

Summary

Clean technology manufacturing is a major driver of economic growth, accounting for significant global investment (around USD 200 billion in 2023) and contributing to GDP growth (around 4%). China leads with three-quarters of global investment, while the U.S. and EU are growing rapidly, especially in batteries. Investment momentum is strong, with 40% of 2023 investments set to come online in 2024. Committed projects through 2025 could meet 55% of battery cell requirements under the IEA’s NZE Scenario.

Geographic concentration remains high, with China, the U.S., and the EU dominating solar PV (80%), wind (48%), and batteries (60-80%). Cost fundamentals show China as the lowest-cost producer, but cost gaps are significant due to higher labor, energy, and material costs in the U.S. and EU. Operational costs (70-98% of total costs) outweigh upfront capital costs.

Technology innovation is key for cost reduction and competitiveness. Battery chemists are focusing on abundant minerals (e.g., LFP), while digital tools optimize manufacturing. Policy measures like workforce training, permitting streamlining, and strategic partnerships are crucial. Countries are investing heavily (e.g., U.S. IRA, EU NZIA) to build domestic capacity.

Key principles for decision-makers include prioritizing strengths, attracting innovators, strategically addressing cost gaps, and collaborating internationally. Data collection must improve, and supply chains should align. Strategic partnerships and clear objectives are essential for global progress in clean energy.

Key Findings:

• Investment Surge: Clean technology manufacturing investment reached USD 200 billion in 2023, a 70% increase from 2022, dominated by solar PV and battery manufacturing.
• Geographic Concentration: China dominates solar PV (80%) and batteries (60%), while the U.S. and EU are growing, especially in electrolysers and heat pumps.
• Cost Gaps: Lower labor, energy, and material costs in China create significant cost advantages over the U.S. and EU.
• Innovation: Technology advancements, like battery chemistries and digital tools, are reducing costs and improving competitiveness.
• Policy Recommendations: Governments should focus on innovation, workforce training, permitting streamlining, and international collaboration to support the clean energy transition.

This report emphasizes the role of clean technology manufacturing in economic development, supply chain security, and climate goals, with strong encouragement for coordinated global actions and policy measures to maintain competitiveness and resilience.