美国能源部车辆技术办公室+智能移动性概述、关键指标和见解（演讲PPT）-27页_5mb

Smart Mobility Overview Summary

Key Themes: This presentation discusses the evolution and impact of smart mobility, focusing on research and development (R&D) that extends beyond individual vehicles to encompass systems like roads, travelers, and urban networks. It highlights metrics and insights from current and future scenarios, emphasizing energy efficiency, equity, and policy implications.

1. Expansion of R&D Beyond Traditional Scope

Smart Mobility R&D, led by initiatives like the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), now addresses connectivity, automation, multi-modal travel, and new transportation modes across system levels. This includes single vehicle components, small networks, traffic flow, and entire urban areas, moving from historical component-focused approaches (Smart Mobility 1.0 and 2.0) to actionable insights involving stakeholders.

2. Energy Efficiency and Emissions Insights

• Automated driving systems (ADS) show minor real-world energy penalties but offer significant potential savings (e.g., 30% for some scenarios).
• Level 4 automation may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to longer trips, particularly on highways.
• Mitigation strategies include carbon pricing, which can reduce emissions by up to 25% by considering land use changes, and well-designed policies that counteract travel time value impacts.

3. Policy and Equity Considerations

• Road pricing (congestion pricing) can improve network speeds but disproportionately increases costs for low-income and suburban areas, reducing daily income by up to 7.5%.
• Transit optimization (e.g., bus frequency increases or Bus Rapid Transit) can boost ridership by up to 11% at moderate costs, especially for equitable access.
• Subsidized rideshare first/last-mile services can increase transit use by 12%, removing commuter trips and improving accessibility for underserved populations.

4. Metrics for Accessibility and Equity

• Mobility Energy Productivity (MEP) scores quantify efficient access, showing disparities in vehicle ownership-based cohorts (low-income have less efficient access to high-MEP areas).
• Electric bikes (e-bikes) provide comparable access to cars for 9% of Denver's population, enhancing energy-efficient alternatives.
• Metrics like INEXUS capture individual utility and equity, revealing that lower-income groups benefit more from affordable backup options, potentially reducing carbon emissions.

5. Future Implications and Challenges

• Smart Mobility emphasizes multi-fidelity modeling for system-wide insights, but challenges include induced vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and equity tradeoffs.
• Upcoming webinars cover topics like multimodal travel, connected automated vehicles, electrification, and freight, highlighting ongoing R&D needs.

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