2025迈向6G的网络架构演进报告：挑战、原则与未来方向_16页_1mb

报告摘要

6G Network Architecture Evolution Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the NGMN Alliance's vision and analysis for the evolution of network architecture towards 6G. It provides an overview of the key factors influencing this evolution, design principles, challenges, and the way forward for the industry.

Main Points

1. Introduction

The NGMN Alliance is driving collaborative studies to guide the evolution of network architecture towards 6G.
6G is envisioned as a graceful evolution of communication networks into the 2030s, enabling new services and capabilities.
Network architecture has historically played a crucial role in shaping the efficiency and potential of mobile systems.
The current state of MNOs' 5G evolution varies, with some transitioning to 5G Standalone (SA), others still using Non-Standalone (NSA) configurations.
The document aims to foster early consensus on key aspects of 6G architecture by focusing on selected areas, particularly from the core network perspective.

2. Factors Influencing Architecture Evolution

2.1 Addressing 5G Gaps and Limitations

Network Complexity: 5G introduces multiple RATs, network slices, and advanced functionalities, leading to increased complexity.
Energy Efficiency: 5G's use of high-frequency bands and edge computing increases energy consumption; 6G must address this further.
Coverage and Connectivity: 6G should enhance connectivity in remote areas and enable seamless interoperation between mobile, fixed, and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).
SBA and Cloud Native Support: 5G core includes a mix of SBA APIs and legacy protocols; 6G should extend SBA and fully embrace cloud-native principles.
Roaming and Global Availability: Roaming for M2M services requires careful consideration, with the potential reuse of 5GC roaming agreements.

2.2 Supporting New Scenarios and Requirements

IMT-2030 Scenarios and Capabilities: The framework includes three new usage scenarios: Ubiquitous Connectivity, Artificial Intelligence and Communication, and Integrated Sensing and Communication.
New Services: MNOs identified key services such as Sensing-assisted Communication, AI Agent-driven Interactions, and Multilateral Ecosystems.
New Requirements: High priority areas include Autonomous network management, AI-native design, Integrated Sensing and Communication, and Sustainability.

2.3 Adapting to Potential RAN Change

New Air Interface: A new 6G air interface could offer improvements in spectrum efficiency and ISAC.
RAT Preference: 60% of MNOs prefer anchoring the 6G air interface to the 5G SA core, while 40% advocate for a dedicated 6G core.
Core Network Enhancements: The core network should integrate with AI/ML, adopt a more distributed architecture, and enable edge computing.

2.4 Embracing Emerging Technology Trends

AI-Native Paradigm: AI capabilities should be deeply embedded in network architecture.
Cloud-Native Technologies: Leverage cloud-native principles for agility and scalability.
Multi-Access Convergence: Ensure seamless connectivity across various access technologies.
Integrated Computing Services: Extend edge computing capabilities for advanced services.
Data-Driven Operations: Enable efficient data processing and AI-driven network optimisation.
Decentralisation and Security: Use distributed architectures and advanced security measures.
Network Digital Twins: Utilise real-time simulations for improved planning and troubleshooting.
Protocol Evolution: Explore protocols like QUIC for enhanced performance.
Post-Quantum Cryptography: Develop encryption mechanisms resistant to both classical and quantum attacks.

3. 6G Network Architecture Design Principles

Enable Innovation: Support new capabilities like sensing, AI/ML, computing, and enhanced security.
Modular Deployment: New features should be deployable on-demand without disrupting existing services.
Operational Simplicity: Simplify network operations through automation, cloud-native design, and open standards.
Sustainability: Reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint through cross-layer optimisation.
Trustworthiness: Implement quantum-safe infrastructure and advanced security measures.
Cloud-Native: Further extend SBA and adopt cloud-native principles.
Native Voice Services: Ensure seamless support for native voice services.
Network as a Service: Enable services like computing, data, and AI as a service.
Interoperability and Compatibility: Ensure seamless integration with fixed networks, NTNs, and 5G systems.
Smooth Migration: Prioritise a migration path from 5G SA to 6G.
Automation and Digital Twins: Use AI-driven automation and network digital twins for proactive management.
Appropriately Disaggregated Multi-Vendor Approach: Foster a multilateral ecosystem with open standards and interoperability.
Backwards Compatibility and Reusability: Maximize reuse of existing infrastructure through software upgrades.

4. Challenges and Way Forward

4.1 Challenges

Consensus during Standardisation: Achieving agreement on migration design from 5G to 6G is a major challenge.
Complexity Management: Balancing new capabilities with legacy system integration and infrastructure upgrades.
Identifying Business Cases: Determining key 6G business cases and ensuring cost efficiency.
Spectrum Issues: Addressing spectrum allocation and management for new RATs.
Redeployment of Services: Ensuring existing services can be redeployed in the 6G environment.

4.2 Standardisation Considerations

Collaboration across the industry is essential for successful standardisation.
NGMN MNO Members are actively involved in 3GPP discussions on 6G use cases, requirements, and sustainability.
Sufficient time must be allocated for 6G architecture studies to avoid repeating past challenges.
Cost efficiency is a top priority for standardisation efforts.

4.3 Next Steps

NGMN will continue to lead studies and provide guidance on key areas of network architecture evolution.
Focus will be on migration strategies, seamless coexistence with existing 5G networks, and exploring new 6G capabilities.
The goal is to develop a scalable, innovative, efficient, and sustainable framework for the future.

Key Information

The 6G network architecture evolution is still in its early stages.
The document is a collaborative effort involving MNOs, vendors, and academia.
A key challenge is achieving consensus on the migration path from 5G to 6G.
6G should support new scenarios, services, and technologies such as AI, ISAC, and edge computing.
Sustainability, trustworthiness, and interoperability are core design principles for 6G.
A cloud-native and modular approach is advocated for 6G network design.
NGMN is committed to driving global alignment and collaboration to ensure a successful and sustainable transition to 6G.

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