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Summary of the Energy Efficiency Strategy for Buildings

Core Content

The Energy Efficiency Strategy for Buildings outlines Germany's approach to achieving a virtually climate-neutral building stock by 2050, as part of its broader energy transition goals. The strategy is based on the Federal Government's energy concept from 2010 and the Climate Action Plan 2050, aiming to reduce primary energy demand by 80% compared to 2008 through a combination of energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy utilization.

Main Targets

• Climate-neutral building stock: By 2050, buildings should have very low energy demand, with the majority of the remaining demand met by renewable energy sources.
• Greenhouse gas reduction: Buildings are expected to contribute significantly to the 80–95% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.
• Energy efficiency and renewable energy goals:
  • Reduce heat demand by 20% by 2020.
  • Increase the share of renewable energy in heat supply to 14% by 2020.
  • Reduce final energy consumption through efficiency measures.
  • Increase the share of renewable energy in the overall energy mix.

Key Viewpoints

• Energy efficiency is central: The strategy emphasizes that energy efficiency is the second pillar of the energy transition, alongside renewable energy.
• Technological openness: No single path to climate neutrality is considered ideal. A variety of measures and technologies can be combined to achieve the target.
• Interaction between electricity and heat: The strategy recognizes the importance of sector coupling, particularly in the context of electricity and heat systems.
• Need for innovation and new business models: The buildings sector requires new approaches, including renewable energy integration, efficient technologies, and market-based incentives.
• Social and economic considerations: The strategy aims to provide affordable and high-quality housing for all, including low and middle-income households, while ensuring long-term energy efficiency and reduced living costs.

Key Information

• Reference scenario: Based on current policies and measures, the reference scenario shows a decline in absolute energy consumption and an increase in renewable energy use in the buildings sector.
• Target corridor: The strategy identifies a target corridor for primary energy demand reduction, which is constrained by:
  • Efficiency limits: Maximum potential for energy savings is estimated at -54% (final energy saving) by 2050.
  • Renewable energy potential: Estimated between 1,400 PJ and 1,800 PJ for 2050.
• Renewable energy sources:
  • Biomass and environmental heat (e.g., geothermal) are considered for heat generation.
  • Solar thermal energy and PV electricity are also important for reducing fossil fuel dependence.
• Building stock restrictions:
  • Residential buildings: Many existing structures cannot be fully retrofitted due to technical and physical limitations.
  • Non-residential buildings: Similar constraints apply, particularly in terms of classification and modernization potential.
• Cost considerations:
  • The strategy includes cost assessments and investment planning.
  • Financing options and contracting with service providers are discussed.
  • Rebound effects and cost-of-living estimates are also considered to ensure affordability and accessibility.
• Policy instruments:
  • Energy-saving legislation and financial incentives are key tools.
  • The National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (NAPE) and Climate Action Programme 2020 are central to the strategy.
  • Public funding is proposed for both renovation and new construction projects.

Additional Measures and Options

• Renovation roadmap: A building-specific renovation plan is suggested to guide the transition.
• Energy consulting services: Expanding these services is seen as a way to support building owners and stakeholders.
• Renewable energy in low-temperature heat grids: A showcase project is proposed to promote this.
• Research and innovation: Support for R&D and faster transfer to practice is emphasized.
• Public-private collaboration: The Alliance for Affordable Living and Building is highlighted as a key initiative to reduce emissions and improve housing quality.

European Context

• The strategy is aligned with the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework, which includes:
  • At least 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990.
  • At least 27% share of renewable energy in final energy consumption.
  • A 27% energy efficiency target (energy savings).
• The EU strategy for heating and cooling is expected to provide guidance for Member States, including Germany, on how to achieve these targets through efficient and renewable energy solutions.

Conclusion

• The Energy Efficiency Strategy for Buildings is a long-term strategy that aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
• It addresses technical, economic, and social aspects of the transition.
• Monitoring and dynamic adaptation are crucial to ensure the strategy remains relevant as new developments and technologies emerge.
• The integration of efficiency and renewable energy is seen as a cross-sectoral task that requires collaboration between governments, industry, and academia.

Summary of Key Figures

• Primary energy demand reduction: 80% by 2050 compared to 2008.
• Maximum energy saving potential: -54% (final energy saving) by 2050.
• Renewable energy potential range: 1,400 PJ to 1,800 PJ by 2050.
• Renewable energy share in final energy consumption: 57% to 69% by 2050.
• Heat demand reduction by 2020: 20%.
• Renewable heat share by 2020: 14%.

Outlook

• The strategy identifies new measures and options for closing the gap to climate neutrality.
• It also highlights the need for further-reaching fields of action, which will be explored in green and white paper processes starting in 2016.
• Public and private sectors must work together to implement the strategy and achieve the 2050 goals.