2021-05-31-联合国环境规划署-Ecosystem_Restoration_for_People,Nation_and_Climate_56页_16mb

Becoming #GenerationRestoration: Ecosystem Restoration Summary

Key Takeaways

• Ecosystem degradation threatens global sustainability, biodiversity, and human well-being.
• Nature-based solutions like ecosystem restoration can address multiple crises (climate, food, water, health).
• The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) aims to prevent, halt, and reverse degradation.

1. Current State of Ecosystems

• All Ecosystems Degraded:
  • Land: 80% of farmland degraded; forests lost at 10M ha/year, soil erosion widespread.
  • Water: 87% of wetlands lost since 1700; freshwater shortages affect ~1.4B people.
  • Coasts & Oceans: 64% of commercial fish overfished; mangroves/petroleum loss; coral reefs declining.
  • Cities: Poor air/water quality; high waste/energy emissions from urbanization.

2. Why Restoration Is Essential

• Economic Benefits:

  • USD 46B+ yearly from mangrove restoration; restoration creates 3x economic benefits per dollar invested.
  • Investment in intact ecosystems improves productivity (e.g., restored soils increase farmer incomes).

• Biodiversity & Climate:

  • Avoid 60% of species extinctions by halting further degradation.
  • Restoring nature-based ecosystems can contribute ~34% to climate mitigation by 2030.

• Food Security:

  • Agroforestry could secure food for 1.3B people; restoring mangroves boosts fisheries (16.5M tonnes additional).

3. UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

• Goals:

  1. Enhance commitments and actions to prevent/halt reverse degradation.
  2. Increase understanding of restoration’s benefits.
  3. Mainstream restoration in education/decision-making.

• Actions:

  • Three pathways: Global Movement, Political Will, Delivery at Scale.
  • Financial mechanisms linked to nature-positive finance.

4. How to Restore

• Use inclusive governance, gender perspectives, and local knowledge.
• Apply principles like:
  • Natural regeneration alongside restoration.
  • Agroecology, water-friendly farming, debt-for-nature schemes.
  • Target synergies (e.g., wetland restoration improves water quality and flood control).

5. Symbolic Pledges

• Private Sector: Eliminate deforestation from supply chains; invest in ecosystem restoration.
• Governments: Expand land rights for indigenous/local communities; integrate inclusive wealth into national accounting.
• Individuals: Small-scale restoration (schoolyards, urban green spaces) adds up to global impact.

Conclusion

• This is every individual’s mission: Small plots → large-scale impact.
• Timeframe: 2021-2030 critical not just for restoration but also building equity, peace, and resilience.