保加利亚共和国能源和气候领域综合计划（2024年版本）-英-247页_2mb

Bulgaria's Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (2024)

1. Review and Plan Determination Process

1.1 Summary

• Political, Economic, Environmental, and Social Context:
  Bulgaria is committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050, aligning with EU-wide goals of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and 40% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels in sectors not covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). The plan aims to support a fair, prosperous, and resource-efficient society.

• Strategy Relating to the Five Dimensions of the Energy Union:
  The plan aligns with the Energy Union's five dimensions: decarbonisation, energy efficiency, energy security, internal energy market, and research, innovation, and competitiveness.

• Key Objectives, Policies, and Measures:
  A general table outlines the main objectives and measures across the five dimensions, including targets for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and infrastructure development.

1.2 Overview of Current Policy Situation

• Energy System and Policy Context:
  The national energy system is evaluated in the context of EU energy policy, including the 2030 climate and energy targets and the Fit for 55 legislative package.

• Current Energy and Climate Policies:
  Policies and measures related to the five dimensions are outlined, including existing legislation and initiatives such as the EU ETS, renewable energy action plans, and energy efficiency directives.

• Cross-Border Issues:
  The plan addresses issues of regional relevance, such as energy interconnection and infrastructure projects that require cooperation with neighboring countries.

• Administrative Structure:
  The implementation of national energy and climate policies is managed through a coordinated administrative framework involving relevant government bodies.

1.3 Consultations and Stakeholder Involvement

• National Parliament:
  The Parliament was involved in the planning process, ensuring legislative alignment with the plan's goals.

• Local and Regional Authorities:
  Local and regional authorities were consulted to ensure the plan reflects local needs and conditions.

• Stakeholders and Civil Society:
  Social partners, civil society, and the general public were engaged to enhance transparency and inclusivity.

• Consultations with Other Member States:
  Collaboration with other EU countries was facilitated to align with regional and European energy and climate strategies.

• Iterative Process with the European Commission:
  The plan was developed in close dialogue with the European Commission to ensure compliance with EU regulations.

1.4 Regional Cooperation

• Joint Planning with Other Member States:
  The plan includes elements that require joint or coordinated planning with neighboring countries, particularly in energy infrastructure and interconnection projects.

• Consideration of Regional Cooperation:
  Regional cooperation is integrated into the plan to enhance cross-border energy security and market integration.

2. National Objectives and Targets

2.1 Decarbonisation

• GHG Emissions and Removals:
  Targets to reduce GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 and achieve a balance between emissions and removals in line with the Paris Agreement.

• Renewable Energy:
  A 42.5% share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption by 2030, with sector-specific targets for electricity, heating/cooling, and transport.

• Biomass Energy:
  Detailed breakdown of biomass usage across sectors, including domestic production and imports, and an assessment of its impact on LULUCF carbon sinks.

2.2 Energy Efficiency

• Energy Efficiency Obligations:
  Policies and measures to meet EU energy efficiency targets, including EE obligation schemes and long-term renovation strategies for buildings.

• Public Sector Energy Services:
  Measures to promote energy efficiency in public buildings and remove barriers to energy performance contracting.

• Energy Audits and Management Systems:
  Encouragement of energy audits and the implementation of energy management systems to improve efficiency.

2.3 Energy Security

• Diversification of Energy Sources:
  Objectives to increase the diversification of energy supply, reduce import dependency, and enhance system flexibility through domestic energy sources and storage.

2.4 Internal Energy Market

• Electricity Interconnection:
  Target of at least 15% electricity interconnectivity by 2030, with strategies to increase this level through cooperation with affected Member States.

• Energy Infrastructure:
  Modernisation and expansion of electricity and gas transmission infrastructure, including Projects of Common Interest (PCIs).

• Market Integration:
  Policies to increase system flexibility, promote smart grids, demand response, and real-time pricing mechanisms.

• Energy Poverty Reduction:
  Measures to address energy poverty, including consumer protection and support for vulnerable groups.

2.5 Research, Innovation, and Competitiveness

• Research and Innovation Funding:
  National objectives and funding targets for R&D in low-carbon technologies, including the use of EU funds.

• Low-Carbon Technologies Deployment:
  Long-term targets for 2050 to promote clean energy technologies and reduce emissions from energy and carbon-intensive industries.

• Competitiveness Measures:
  Policies to enhance the competitiveness of the energy sector, including support for local energy communities and innovation.

3. Policies and Measures

3.1 Decarbonisation

• GHG Emissions and Removals:
  Policies to achieve the EU's GHG reduction targets, including compliance with the EU ETS and measures for climate change adaptation.

• Renewable Energy Promotion:
  Initiatives to accelerate wind power development, introduce renewable energy requirements in buildings, and streamline administrative procedures for power purchase agreements.

• Biomass and Energy Communities:
  Support for biomass energy, including new mobilisation and the role of local energy communities in renewable energy production.

3.2 Energy Efficiency

• Renovation Strategies:
  Long-term renovation strategies to improve the energy efficiency of residential and non-residential buildings.

• Public Procurement and Consumer Engagement:
  Encouragement of energy-efficient public procurement and consumer information and training programs.

3.3 Energy Security

• Infrastructure and Diversification:
  Policies to secure energy supply, reduce import dependency, and enhance system flexibility through domestic energy sources and demand response.

3.4 Internal Energy Market

• Interconnection and Market Coupling:
  Expansion of interconnectors and development of cross-border balancing markets and intraday market coupling.

• Consumer Protection and Market Competitiveness:
  Measures to protect consumers and improve the competitiveness of the retail energy market.

3.5 Research, Innovation, and Competitiveness

• Cooperation and Funding:
  Regional cooperation in research and innovation, including the use of EU funds and the implementation of the SET Plan.

4. State of Play and Projections

4.1 Externalities and Emissions

• Macroeconomic and Sectoral Projections:
  Projections of GDP and population growth, as well as sectoral changes affecting energy demand and emissions.

• Global Energy Trends and Prices:
  Analysis of international fossil fuel prices and EU ETS carbon price, along with technology cost developments.

4.2 Decarbonisation

• Current Emissions and Sinks:
  Current share of renewable energy and GHG emissions across sectors, including heating, electricity, and transport.

• Sectoral Projections:
  Projections of emissions reduction under existing policies up to 2040.

4.3 Energy Efficiency

• Current Energy Consumption:
  Assessment of primary and final energy consumption by sector.

• Efficiency Potential:
  Current potential for high-efficiency cogeneration and district heating/cooling.

• Projections Under Existing Policies:
  Forecasts of energy consumption and efficiency improvements up to 2040.

4.4 Energy Security

• Current Energy Mix and Risks:
  Overview of Bulgaria's current energy mix, domestic resources, and import dependency.

• Projections with Existing Policies:
  Projections of energy mix development and security improvements up to 2040.

4.5 Internal Energy Market

• Interconnection and Infrastructure:
  Current interconnection level and projections for expansion, including network development and market coupling.

• Market and Price Projections:
  Analysis of electricity and gas market conditions and price trends under existing policies up to 2040.

4.6 Research, Innovation, and Competitiveness

• Current Status of Low-Carbon Technologies:
  Analysis of public and private research and innovation spending, patents, and researcher numbers.

• Price Components and Subsidies:
  Breakdown of energy price components and assessment of energy subsidies, especially for fossil fuels.

5. Impact Assessment

5.1 Impact on Energy System and Emissions

• Projections Under Planned Policies:
  Forecasts of energy system development and GHG emissions reduction at least ten years after the plan period, including comparisons with existing policy projections.

• Policy Interactions:
  Assessment of the interplay between existing and planned policies across dimensions to ensure coherence and reduce stranded investments.

5.2 Macroeconomic and Social Impacts

• Economic and Social Effects:
  Analysis of the macroeconomic, health, environmental, employment, and education impacts of the planned policies, including the just transition aspect.

5.3 Investment Needs

• Existing and Future Investment Flows:
  Overview of current investment and assumptions for future investments in energy and climate projects.

• Risk Factors and Support Mechanisms:
  Identification of sectoral and market risks and analysis of potential public financial support to address these.

5.4 Impact on Other Member States and Regional Cooperation

• Regional Impacts:
  Assessment of the energy system impacts on neighboring and other EU countries, as well as effects on regional cooperation.

Appendix: Acronyms and Definitions

• NPP: Nuclear power station
• AUER: Sustainable Energy Development Agency
• RES: Renewable energy sources
• GHG: Greenhouse gases
• ETS: Emission trading scheme
• LULUCF: Land use, land use change and forestry
• EIB: European Investment Bank
• ERDF: European Regional Development Fund
• EIA: Environmental impact assessment
• EU: European Union
• EUEB: Electricity system
• ETS: Emission trading scheme
• EIP: Programme for Competitiveness and Innovation in Enterprises
• SET Plan: European Strategic Energy Technology Plan
• Fit for 55: EU legislative package for climate and energy targets
• CAFE: Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
• ZEVI: Act on Energy from Renewable Sources
• EEZ: Energy Efficiency Act
• ZOKO: Climate Change Mitigation Act
• ZOOS: Law on protection of the environment
• GPP: Public Procurement Act
• NREAP: National Renewable Energy Action Plan
• NADEBB: National Forest Biomass Energy Action Plan
• NEPEMJS: National Programme for Energy Efficiency in Multi-Apartment Buildings
• NIPCD: National Climate Change Action Plan
• NRRP: National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• NEMOs: Nominated Electricity Market Operators
• NDF: National Decarbonisation Fund
• NEK: National Electricity Company
• R&D: Research and Development
• EIP: Programme for Competitiveness and Innovation in Enterprises
• ETS: Emission Trading Scheme
• TAR: Trans Adriatic Pipeline
• IGB: Greece-Bulgaria Gas Interconnector
• Irena: International Renewable Energy Agency
• LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas
• NTC: Net Transfer Capacity
• RBP: Regional Capacity Reservation Platform
• RDF: Modified Waste-Derived Fuels
• LULUCF: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
• EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
• UN: United Nations
• OPIC: Operational Programme 'Innovation and Competitiveness'
• RDP: Regional Development Programme 2021-2027
• PTS: Transport Connectivity Programme 2021-2027
• PMR: The Clean Air Package
• PINGIT: Programme "Research, Innovation and Digitalisation for Smart Transformation"
• SMR: Structure for Monitoring and Reporting
• PRASG: Strategic Plan for Forest Sector Development
• ETS: Emission Trading Scheme
• IT FOR 55: Fit for 55
• CAFE: Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe