2010年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Madagascar_Country_Profile_2009_15页_1mb

Madagascar Country Profile 2009 - Enterprise Surveys Summary

Core Content Overview

The Madagascar Country Profile 2009 is a comprehensive report from the World Bank Group, specifically the International Finance Corporation (IFC), that provides an in-depth analysis of the business environment in Madagascar. It includes data on various aspects such as infrastructure, trade, regulations, corruption, crime, and financial services, all of which are critical to understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by firms in the country.

The report is based on Enterprise Surveys, which are conducted by the World Bank and its partners to assess the business environment across different sectors and firm sizes. These surveys are designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from firm managers and owners, offering insights into how well the business environment supports firm productivity and growth.

The analysis is benchmarked against Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and low-income countries to provide a comparative perspective. The non-agricultural formal private economy is the focus of the survey, which excludes sectors such as public utilities, government services, health care, and financial services.

Main Topics and Key Findings

1. Business Environment Obstacles

• The business environment in Madagascar is perceived as challenging, with several constraints affecting firm operations.
• Top constraints include:
  • Corruption and informal payments
  • Inefficient regulations and lengthy licensing processes
  • Delays in obtaining infrastructure services
• These obstacles are compared with regional and income group averages, highlighting Madagascar's relatively poor performance in these areas.

2. Average Firm Characteristics

• The average firm in Madagascar has an age of 18.7 years.
• Female participation in management and ownership is notable, with 50.0% of firms having female participation in ownership.
• Ownership structure shows a high percentage of domestic private firms (67.6%) and a significant portion of foreign private firms (32.2%).
• Government ownership is minimal, with only 0.3% of firms being government-owned.

3. Infrastructure

• Electricity and water supply are major concerns:
  • Power outages occur 13.6 times per month, with 7.7% of sales lost due to these outages.
  • Water shortages happen 9.0 times per month, with an average duration of 8.0 hours.
• Delays in obtaining infrastructure services are substantial:
  • Electrical connection delay: 92.1 days
  • Water connection delay: 114.7 days
  • Telephone connection delay: 29.9 days

4. Trade

• Export activity is limited, with 15.6% of firms exporting directly or indirectly.
• Foreign material use is significant, with 67.0% of firms using foreign inputs.
• Customs delays are a concern:
  • Average time to clear direct exports: 14.2 days
  • Average time to clear imports: 19.3 days
• Transport risks are low, with minimal losses due to theft or damage during exports.

5. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Regulatory burden is high:
  • Days to obtain an import license: 39.2 days
  • Days to obtain a construction permit: 171.1 days
  • Days to obtain an operating license: 41.3 days
• Senior management time spent on regulatory requirements: 17.1%
• Tax inspections are relatively frequent, with 0.9 visits on average per firm.
• Legal forms:
  • Closed shareholding companies are most common, with 55.8% of firms.
  • Sole proprietorships are also prevalent, with 43.8% of firms.

6. Corruption

• Corruption is a significant issue, with the Graft Index indicating that 9.4% of firms in Madagascar were asked or expected to pay bribes.
• Gifts to tax inspectors are common, with 6.8% of firms expected to give gifts.
• Bribes to secure government contracts are reported by 14.1% of firms.
• Construction permits and operating licenses also involve informal payments, with 9.5% and 18.6% of firms, respectively, expecting to make such payments.

7. Crime and Informality

• Perception of fairness in the court system is low, with only 28.8% of firms believing it is fair.
• Security costs account for 1.6% of sales.
• Losses due to theft, robbery, etc. are 1.2% of sales.
• Formal registration is high, with 97.5% of firms being formally registered when they started operations.

8. Finance

• Internal finance is the primary source of investment, with 79.5% of firms relying on it.
• Bank finance is less common, with 6.1% of firms using it.
• External financing for working capital is 26.0%.
• Collateral requirements are high, with 106.1% of the loan amount required as collateral.
• Access to banking services is widespread, with 94.1% of firms having checking or savings accounts.

Key Information

• Country Profile provides a snapshot of the business environment and firm performance.
• Enterprise Surveys are a key tool for assessing and comparing the business environment across countries.
• Benchmarking is done against Sub-Saharan Africa and low-income countries.
• The data is collected through face-to-face interviews with firm managers and owners.
• Stratification by industry, firm size, and region ensures a representative sample.
• The report is useful for policymakers and researchers to identify areas for reform and improvement.

Conclusion

The Madagascar Country Profile 2009 highlights the challenges faced by firms in the country, particularly in areas such as corruption, regulatory inefficiencies, and infrastructure deficiencies. It also provides valuable insights into the financial landscape, workforce composition, and technological adoption. The data serves as a foundation for improving the business environment and promoting sustainable economic growth.