2006年-世界发展银行全球_Monitoring_Poverty_in_Uttar_Pradesh___A_Report_on_the_Second_Poverty_and_Social_Monitoring_Survey_120页_1mb

Summary of "Monitoring Poverty in Uttar Pradesh"

Core Content

This report, Monitoring Poverty in Uttar Pradesh, is a joint effort between the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) of the Planning Department of the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GoUP) and the World Bank. It presents findings from the Second Poverty and Social Monitoring Survey (PSMS-II) conducted in 2002-03, comparing them with data from the first survey (PSMS-I) in 1999-2000. The report aims to provide a statistical update on poverty and social conditions in Uttar Pradesh and assess the impact of government programs on the poor.

Main Objectives

• To monitor changes in poverty and living standards between 1993/94 and 2002/03.
• To evaluate the performance of poverty alleviation programs and their impact on the poor.
• To provide data for better policy formulation and public accountability.
• To identify emerging issues that may affect vulnerable groups.

Key Findings

Income and Poverty

• Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (SCDP) in Uttar Pradesh doubled from Rs. 5,066 in 1993/94 to Rs. 10,289 in 2002/03.
• Poverty headcount rate decreased from 40.9% to 29.2% between 1993/94 and 2002/03.
• Absolute number of poor fell from 59.3 million to 48.8 million.
• Rural poverty declined more significantly than urban poverty, with the latter remaining higher.
• The poverty gap and squared poverty gap also showed similar declines.

Education

• Literacy rate increased from 56% in 2000 to 60% in 2003.
• Primary enrollment rose sharply from 67% in 2000 to 78% in 2003.
• Urban-rural enrollment gap was eliminated for children aged 6-10 years and significantly narrowed for those aged 11-15 years.
• Private school enrollment increased from 31% to 37% for children aged 6-10 and from 37% to 45% for those aged 11-13.
• Government schools remain a crucial source of education for the poor, especially in rural areas.
• Per pupil expenditure on education is significantly higher in private schools than in government schools.
• Scholarship and free textbook programs reached 18% and 27% of students, respectively, in 2003, with reasonable targeting to the poor.

Health

• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) decreased from 85 to 80 deaths per 1,000 live births between 1998 and 2002.
• Formal private health providers were consulted by 40% of the population, while government health facilities were visited by only 10%.
• The poor were less likely to seek consultation in government health facilities compared to the non-poor.
• Institutional deliveries accounted for 16% of all deliveries, with urban areas and rich individuals more likely to report them.
• Safe delivery rate was around 80%, with urban areas showing a higher rate (90%) than rural areas (77%).
• Anganwadi attendance increased from nearly zero to 10% of eligible children.
• Poorest households had higher anganwadi attendance than richer ones.
• Food supplements were received by more than two-thirds of anganwadi-attending children.

Access to Amenities

• Pucca housing increased from 42% in 1999/2000 to 57% in 2002/03.
• Hand-pumps became the most common source of drinking water, with 75% of the population using them.
• Sanitation access showed little improvement, with 71% of the population lacking access to latrines.
• Electricity access increased to 35% in 2002/03, but remained low in rural areas (23%).
• Daily electricity access was reported by only 10% of the population, down from 13% in 1999/2000.

Government Programs

• PDS card distribution showed a decline in BPL cardholders and an increase in the population without any PDS cards.
• BPL cardholders were mostly from the poorest third of the population (40%), with a smaller proportion from the middle (31%) and richest (29%) third.
• Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was better targeted to the poor compared to other schemes.
• Government programs such as old age pension, disability pension, and employment generation schemes saw a decline in beneficiaries.
• Subsidized credit targeting worsened, while Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) and other employment programs improved in targeting the poor.
• Awareness of health and social services was relatively high, with 80% aware of vaccination benefits, 73% of family planning, and 54% of iodized salt importance.
• HIV/AIDS awareness was 50.1%, with a significant gap between urban and rural areas.

Key Information

• The PSMS system was established in 1999 with World Bank support, aiming to track poverty and social indicators.
• PSMS-I (2000) and PSMS-II (2002-03) were conducted to measure changes in living standards.
• The report is a collaborative effort between the GoUP and the World Bank, with the goal of improving policy decisions and public accountability.
• Data collection was supported by field staff and various DES personnel, with technical assistance from the World Bank.
• Policy implications include the need for better targeting of government programs, especially in rural areas, and continued investment in infrastructure and education.

Conclusion

The report highlights progress in poverty reduction and social development in Uttar Pradesh, especially in education and health. However, it also identifies areas needing improvement, such as access to sanitation and electricity, and the need for more effective targeting of government programs. The findings are expected to guide future policy reforms and development initiatives in the state.