2025-05-20-IEA-国际能源署年全球甲烷追踪器（英）_64页_5mb

Global Methane Tracker 2025 Summary

Introduction
The International Energy Agency (IEA) examines global energy issues across all regions and advocates for energy policies that enhance reliability, affordability, and sustainability. The 2025 update of the Global Methane Tracker highlights the critical role of methane as a greenhouse gas, responsible for about 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution. The energy sector contributes over 35% of human-caused methane emissions and presents the best opportunities for abatement.

Key Findings

• Energy-related Methane Emissions: Despite limited mitigation efforts, global energy sector methane emissions reached over 120 million tonnes annually. Abandoned wells and mines, included for the first time, contributed 8 Mt.
• Underreporting: Global estimates of energy-related methane emissions are 80% higher than those reported to the UNFCCC due to insufficient measurement-based data and reliance on default emission factors.
• Data Improvements and Technology: Measurement studies and satellites are improving data quality, revealing that national inventories often underestimate emissions by 2–10%. Satellites like MethaneSAT, Tanager-1, and others have advanced detection capabilities.
• Pledges and Implementation Gap: While methane pledges cover 80% of global oil and gas production, few countries or companies have detailed implementation plans. There is a significant implementation gap despite commitments from initiatives like the Global Methane Pledge (GMP) and the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC).
• Economic Opportunities: Mitigating methane can yield significant economic benefits, with up to 70% of fossil fuel-related methane emissions avoidable at no net cost. Abatement measures can offer high returns on investment (up to 300% internal rate of return for leak detection and repair).
• Global Methane Pledge: Nearly 159 countries are part of the GMP, aiming for a 30% reduction in global methane emissions by 2030. Action plans and policies support this goal, but implementation remains weak.
• Health and Environmental Impact: Access to clean cooking is a major issue in developing economies, leading to millions of deaths annually and significant methane emissions. Reducing these emissions also has health co-benefits.
• Lifecycle Comparison: Natural gas generally has lower lifecycle emissions than coal, except in specific cases, but it is not a low-carbon solution in all contexts. Reducing fossil fuel methane is one of the fastest and most cost-effective ways to lower global emissions.
• Abandoned Facilities: Abandoned wells and mines emit significant methane, accounting for 5% of global energy-related emissions. Timely plugging and monitoring are critical for mitigation.

Regional Insights

• North America: The US emits over 85% of methane, driven by unconventional production. Canada has lower intensity due to stricter policies.
• Europe: Fossil fuel methane emissions primarily stem from imports; regulations like the EU Methane Regulation set high standards.
• Middle East & North Africa (MENA): High flaring rates and methane intensity; some countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE) have better performance than others.
• China: The world's largest methane emitter, with coal mining as a major source. Strong national action plans are in place, but implementation gaps persist.
• Sub-Saharan Africa: Falling emissions, mainly linked to reduced oil and gas activity. Implementation of commitments is slow but improving.
• Asia-Pacific: Emissions are growing with rising energy demand. Some countries (Bangladesh, Viet Nam) have plans, but implementation varies.
• Eurasia: High emissions from Russia and Turkmenistan; weak implementation, limited regulation, and poor monitoring.

Policies and Recommendations

• Governments should strengthen regulations, enforce measurement and reporting standards, and integrate methane reduction into national climate plans.
• Companies should adopt best practices such as leak detection and repair (LDAR), increasing technology standards, and investing in methane capture infrastructure.
• International cooperation is vital, with tools like the Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) helping detect and address super-emitters.
• Financing mechanisms, including carbon pricing and green finance tools, support methane abatement, especially in developing economies.

Conclusion
Methane emissions from the energy sector represent a significant but largely untapped opportunity for climate action. Rapid and sustained reductions are essential to limiting global warming and improving air quality. The costs of inaction are high, while targeted mitigations offer substantial co-benefits for energy security, public health, and economic efficiency. Current gaps in implementation highlight the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, increased investment, and greater data transparency. Global cooperation, technological innovation, and consistent policy execution are required to meet methane reduction targets.