2025-04-20-世界银行-关注极端贫困人口和最贫穷五分之一人口社会保护的覆盖率_充足性和融资差距_2025年社会保护状况报告背景文件_1（英）_91页_1mb

Global Challenges in Social Protection

Coverage Gap

• Social protection coverage has increased by 10 percentage points (from 41% to 51%) in EDEs between 2010 and 2022, but 2 billion people remain uncovered or inadequately covered, particularly the extreme poor and poorest quintiles.
• LICs and Sub-Saharan Africa face the largest gaps, with LICs missing 77% of their population and Sub-Saharan Africa reporting 71% of its population uncovered.

Benefit Levels & Adequacy Gap

• Benefit adequacy varies significantly, with social insurance providing the highest average adequacy (33%) and social assistance only 11%.
• Extreme poverty cannot be fully eliminated by current social assistance alone, with a remaining annual income shortfall of $120 billion (2017 PPP) after transfers.

Financing Challenges

• EDEs spend an average of 5.3% of GDP on social protection, but LICs spend less than 1%, creating substantial funding gaps.
• Pro-poor efficiency improvements in social assistance could reduce the extreme poverty gap, but additional $137 billion per year (2017 PPP) would still be needed.

Achievements & Recommendations

Key Findings

• Coverage gaps widen with income level (highest in LICs)
• Benefit adequacy correlates with country income (low in LICs)
• Pro-poor targeting is modest but improves with development

Recommendations

1. Enhance efficiency of social assistance through better targeting
2. Expand fiscal space through domestic and international resources
3. Prioritize extreme poverty reduction for LICs
4. Implement digital tools and evidence-based policies