2021-10-31-国际事务研究院-下一代士兵_系统体系方法_（英）_83页_2mb

The Next Generation Soldier: A System of Systems Approach

Abstract
Technological innovations (ICT, AI, cloud) are transforming Western armies, emphasizing soldier-centric systems. Key trends include enhanced connectivity, lethality, mobility, and AI integration. National programs (US, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Israel) prioritize individual soldier equipment, with challenges in interoperability and procurement. EU and NATO frameworks aim to foster collaboration, but fragmentation and diverging national interests hinder progress. A renewed "System of Systems" approach, focusing on human-machine synergy, is critical for maintaining military superiority against near-peer competitors.

Table of Contents
Executive Summary
The United States
France
Germany
Italy
The United Kingdom
Israel
The EU and NATO Frameworks
Conclusion

Executive Summary

• Ongoing technological advancements (AI, robotics, cyber defence) are reshaping military capabilities.
• Soldier remains central; focus on secure connectivity, reduced burden, and enhanced situational awareness.
• Key innovations: Advanced sensors, 6.8mm weaponry (US), modular systems, and AI-driven decision support.
• Challenges: Interoperability, procurement reforms, ethical concerns, and civilian-military technology gaps.
• Near-peer competitors (Russia, China) drive demand for superior soldier systems.
• European collaboration (EU/EDA/EDF) is essential for standardization and innovation.

The United States

• Focus on IVAS (mixed reality headset), NGSW (6.8mm weapons), and robotic systems.
• Integrated Visual Augmentation System enhances C4I, targeting, and training.
• Concerns over secure communications and AI reliability in high-risk scenarios.

France

• SCORPION program integrates digital systems and AI for dismounted soldiers.
• Challenges balancing legacy systems and modular technology (ie. FÉLIN).
• Successful use of CENTURION for rapid innovation testing.
• Robotics (VULCAIN) to reduce soldier load and enhance mobility.

Germany

• IdZ-ES modular system balances mobility, protection, and connectivity.
• Spiral procurement delays adoption; cautious approach to risk and technology adoption.
• Prioritizes energy management and human-machine interfaces.

Italy

• ICS program emphasizes modularity and human-in-the-loop AI principles.
• Investments in energy autonomy, RAS (robotics), and bio-materials.
• Collaborates with EU (EDF) but faces industrial fragmentation and recruitment challenges.
• "System of Systems" approach prioritizes squad-level integration.

The United Kingdom

• Morpheus project modernizes C2 systems with AI-enhanced tools.
• Virtus Soldier System minimizes load and emphasizes interoperability.
• Partnerships with allies and industry face logistical and budget constraints.

Israel

• Tsayad and Fire Weaver enable decentralized operations with AI-driven fires.
• Focus on city warfare, loitering munitions, and soldier-robot teaming.
• Rapid technological adoption but ethical and sovereignty concerns.

The EU and NATO Frameworks

• EU Initiatives: PADR projects (vests, GOSSRA); EDF supports military innovation.
• NATO Role: Developing NGSA standards for soldier equipment; MUAAR focuses on AI/robotics.
• Challenges: Fragmentation, differing national priorities, and data-sharing barriers.

Conclusion

• Thematic challenges: Doctrinal adaptation, ethical AI use, soldier-casualty reduction, and procurement inefficiency.
• Successful models: US rapid deployment, France's INCENTURION, Italy’s ICS standards.
• Future direction: Pragmatic System of Systems approach, prioritizing SoS at squad level, and transatlantic cooperation.

IAI
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