【世界银行】宜居太平洋城市交通指南：第1部分-2024_68页_16mb

Summary of "Guide to Mobility for Livable Pacific Cities: Part I"

Core Content

This guide is designed to assist national and subnational government staff, development partners, consultants, and civil society in developing sustainable, affordable, and accessible urban transportation systems in the Pacific. It emphasizes a car-lite development pathway, which prioritizes walking, cycling, micromobility, and public transit over private car dependency. The guide is structured around three game-changing goals and nine synergetic strategies, supported by regional stakeholders and informed by global best practices and field observations.

Main Viewpoints

• Car dependency is not inevitable for Pacific cities, despite growing vehicle ownership.
• Rapid urbanization and rising private car use in the Pacific pose risks to sustainable development.
• Current transport planning in the Pacific often reflects North American models that prioritize cars, leading to unsafe and inconvenient streets for non-motorized and public transport users.
• A car-lite approach aligns with the unique characteristics of Pacific cities, including compact urban layouts, favorable climates, and proximity of most residents to the city center.
• Public transit and walking have historically been dominant modes of transport in the Pacific, but their mode share is declining due to increasing car ownership.
• Active mobility (walking, cycling, micromobility) is more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and beneficial to public health and social inclusion.

Key Information

Demographics and Urban Trends

• The 12 Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have seen rapid urbanization and increased reliance on private cars.
• The combined population of these countries is approximately 12.4 million, with a majority living on the main island where the capital is located.
• By the 2050s, urban populations in places like Greater Port Vila, Honiara, and South Tarawa are expected to double.
• In Fiji, private vehicle registrations grew by 254% between 2014 and 2022 and are increasing at 4% per year.

Car Dependency and Its Consequences

• Car dependency leads to congestion, pollution, and unsafe streets.
• It creates a self-reinforcing feedback loop, where infrastructure is built to accommodate cars, discouraging alternative modes of transport.
• Many PIC residents and decision-makers perceive car ownership as a sign of progress, but this can lead to long-term negative impacts on health, environment, and quality of life.

Sustainable Mobility Goals and Strategies

Goal A: Create Livable Streets for People

• Strategy 1: Ensure safe urban speeds to reduce traffic accidents.
• Strategy 2: Design streets to prioritize walking, cycling, and micromobility.
• Strategy 3: Use community engagement to implement quick and affordable street transformations.
• Strategy 4: Implement education, encouragement, and evaluation measures to promote active mobility.

Goal B: Promote Public Transit

• Strategy 5: Make taking the bus the best choice for reaching the city.
• Strategy 6: Use land use planning to guide compact urban development.

Goal C: Manage Private Vehicle Ownership and Use

• Strategy 7: Control car fleet quality and quantity throughout its lifecycle.
• Strategy 8: Organize parking to reduce street chaos.
• Strategy 9: Adopt island-appropriate electric vehicles to reduce reliance on imported fuels.

Additional Context

• The guide is informed by dialogue with regional stakeholders and subject-matter experts.
• It is part of the World Bank's Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) initiative, funded by the Global Facility to Decarbonize Transport (GFDT).
• The Sustainable Mobility Pyramid illustrates the shift from a car-first to a people-first approach in urban mobility planning.

Endorsements and Partners

• The guide is endorsed by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and the Global Designing Cities Initiative (GDCI).
• It is supported by GFDT partners, including Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Conclusion

The guide advocates for a proactive shift in urban transport planning to avoid the pitfalls of car dependency. By embracing active mobility, public transit, and smart land use planning, Pacific cities can create healthier, more inclusive, and environmentally sustainable urban environments. The car-lite pathway is not only feasible but also beneficial for the long-term development of the region.