2010-05-19-世界卫生组织-WHO_Global_Code_of_Practice_on_the_International_Recruitment_of_Health_Personnel_7页_35kb

WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel Summary

Preamble

The World Health Organization addresses global health personnel shortages and concerns about unfair international recruitment practices. The Code was requested by the World Health Assembly to establish voluntary ethical principles for recruitment that considers the rights of source (sending) countries, destination (receiving) countries, and health personnel.

Guiding Principles (Article 3)

• Health is fundamental, and governments share responsibility.
• The international migration of health personnel can contribute to health system strengthening if properly managed and governed ethically.
• Focus must be placed on the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition, with developed countries encouraged to provide technical and financial support.
• Fairness, non-discrimination, transparency, and sustainability in employment are required. Source countries' populations' right to the highest attainable health standard and health personnel's individual rights are acknowledged.
• Ethical international recruitment should promote transparency, fairness, and the sustainability of health systems in developing countries.
• Policies should focus on sustainable domestic workforce development and training rather than relying solely on recruitment. Data gathering and research are essential.
• Circular migration should be facilitated for mutual benefit.
• Use of evidence (data) is crucial for policy-making related to health workforce migration.

Recruitment Practices (Article 4)

• Cooperation between recruiters, employers, health personnel, regulators, and authorities is encouraged in the interest of patients and health systems.
• Recruiters and employers should respect outstanding contractual obligations of health personnel and ensure fair, just recruitment practices, free from illegal conduct.
• Migrant health personnel should receive relevant information about employment opportunities and enjoy the same legal rights and responsibilities as the domestic workforce in terms of employment and working conditions, based on equality of treatment. Opportunities for professional development, inductions, and orientation are encouraged.

Health Workforce Development and Sustainability (Article 5)

• Both source and destination countries (as well as employers/contractors) share responsibility for the positive effects of migration; demanding countries are encouraged to collaborate closely with deficient countries.
• Bilateral agreements and international arrangements should promote cooperation and exchange, considering needs of deficient countries by providing support like technical assistance, social recognition, training support for source countries, twinning, etc.
• Encouragement for professional exchange and utilizing gained experience abroad is mentioned.
• Member states should focus on education, retention, and evidence-based workforce planning. Multisectoral approaches and tackling geographical maldistribution are necessary.

Data Gathering, Research, and Information Exchange (Articles 6 & 7, sections 1-3)

• Member states should strengthen health personnel information systems and coordinate research on workforce migration at national, regional, and international levels.
• WHO is encouraged to generate comparable data, and member states designate national authorities responsible for and should report relevant data and information to WHO periodically.

Implementation, Monitoring, and Institutional Arrangements (Articles 8, 9)

• Member states should publicize and implement the Code, incorporating it into national laws and policies where possible, involving stakeholders, working collectively, and maintaining records of recruiters.
• Periodic reports on implementation should reach WHO, which monitors progress, shares information via a national authorities register, develops guidelines, liaises with partners, and reviews the Code periodically.

Partnerships, Technical collaboration, and Financial Support (Article 10)

• Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for implementation.
• International organizations and donors are encouraged to provide technical and financial support for Code implementation and health system strengthening, especially in deficient countries.

*Paid Work Agreement Proposed for Healthcare Professionals*