2025全民覆盖型早期预警系统构建_以人为本的设计研究报告_24页_3mb

Making Early Warnings Work for All: Human-Centred Design

Executive Summary

• Context: Climate-related disasters intensify, demanding effective and inclusive Early Warning Systems (EWS).
• Objective: Drive meaningful community-level action through trusted, understood, and acted-upon EWS.
• Methodology: GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian (M4H) programme partnered with local Red Cross societies in South Africa and Tanzania to conduct Human-Centred Design (HCD) research under the EW4All initiative.
• Key Findings:
  • HCD identifies user preferences, barriers, and socio-cultural factors influencing EWS effectiveness.
  • Hybrid approaches (digital + community-driven) are essential for reaching marginalized populations.
  • Multi-channel communication (SMS, radio, face-to-face) builds trust and ensures broader reach.

Core Insights

User Insights

• South Africa: Socio-economic status, age, location (rural/urban), past disaster experience, and community integration determine EWS engagement.
• Tanzania: Literacy levels, access to technology, and community dynamics (collective decision-making) hinder timely action.

Social & Cultural Factors

• Trust: EWS credibility depends on sources (e.g., meteorological agencies, community leaders) and repeated multi-channel messaging.
• Behaviour: Actions often rely on collective decisions and community leaders; individual triggers can be unclear due to misinformation or lack of self-efficacy.

System Design

• Communication Channels: Tailor methods (SMS, apps, loudspeakers) to audience context; hybrid digital-non-digital strategies.
• Usability: Clear calls to action, simple interfaces, culturally relevant icons (e.g., impact visuals instead of abstract symbols).

HCD Research Process

1. Landscape Mapping: Literature review, stakeholder interviews, and user journey mapping.
2. Analytical Frameworks:
   • Reach Model: Awareness, Trust, Understanding, Action.
   • Disaster Chronology Model: Preparing, Responding, Recovering.
   • Communication Component Model: Channels, Content, Source, Timing, Community Engagement.
3. Participant Selection: Diverse groups (marginalized populations, community leaders, volunteers).
4. Tools & Methods: Persona building, Agree/Disagree cards, Crazy Eights, pitch testing.

Key Takeaways

• Mindsets:
  • Openness, user participation, and iteration.
  • Prioritize visuals/tangibles over abstract ideas.
  • Actively listen to user stories and co-create solutions.
• Principles:
  • HCD goes beyond weather to address social/cultural/behavioural forces.
  • Insights emerge from observing interactions, not just formal discussions.

Recommendations

• Design: Use HCD frameworks and tools to inform EWS design; hybrid approaches essential.
• Policy: Strengthen multi-stakeholder partnerships and community involvement in EWS development.
• Implementation: Continuously iterate based on user feedback and test concepts in local contexts.