2024-06-23-世界银行-柬埔寨经济更新_2024年6月_柬埔寨的出口复苏和贸易转变（英）_60页_8mb

Cambodia's economy is showing strong signs of post-pandemic recovery, particularly in exports and tourism. GDP is projected to grow between 5.8% and 6.4% by 2025–2026, driven by revived exports of garments, travel goods, and footwear, as well as a rebound in services and goods. The current account surplus reached an unprecedented 1.7% of GDP in 2023, supported by improved tourism receipts, remittances, and lower imports. However, challenges include high private sector debt, rising non-performing loans, and subdued domestic credit growth, with interest rates elevated due to global monetary tightening.

On the education front, Cambodia has made progress in expanding access, with net enrollment rates increasing at primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary levels. Yet, significant disparities persist, particularly in rural areas and among lower socioeconomic groups, leading to lower learning outcomes. Cambodia performs poorly in foundational skills, as highlighted by the SEA-PLM 2019 report and PISA assessments. Teacher effectiveness remains a critical issue, with a misalignment between teacher training and classroom practice, uneven deployment, and inadequate professional development. These challenges hinder the country's ability to build a skilled workforce and achieve sustainable development goals.

Key policy recommendations include reviewing tax incentives, broadening the tax base, introducing a personal income tax, and streamlining business regulations to restore fiscal space. For education, prioritize investments in early childhood and primary education, enhance teacher training through reforms and professional development, ensure equitable resource allocation across regions and schools, and adopt evidence-based interventions to improve learning outcomes.