2012-05-05-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Week_18,_30_April_-_6_May_2012_10页_535kb

报告摘要

Week 18, 2012 (April 30 to May 6, 2012)

During Week 18, national meningitis alert levels were normal except in Benin, where the district of Tanguieta remained at epidemic level due to a high attack rate of 11.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. One district reported 9 cases, breaching alert thresholds.
Total cases and deaths for the week across the meningitis belt countries were 428 cases and 45 deaths, with a lethality rate of 10.5%. Complete case reporting rates were inconsistent, ranging from 58.8% in total to district-specific figures.
Laboratory data showed bacterial meningitis, primarily Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and W135, was still prevalent in epidemic-alert districts.

Epidemiological Synthesis for 2012 (Weeks 1–18)

From Week 01 to Week 18, the cumulative meningitis cases were 17,283 across meningitis belt countries, with 1,495 deaths (lethality rate of 8.7%).
Benin had the highest number of cases (780) and deaths (76), with 9.7% lethality. Gambia, Ghana, Niger, and Chad had some of the highest case counts.
Several districts maintained 100% reporting compliance, but not all transmission chains were complete given the large volume of cases.

Bacterial Pathogen Identification (Weeks 01–18, 2012)

Data confirmed N. meningitidis as the primary pathogen, with serogroups A and W135 predominant in epidemic zones.
Sporadic cases of other pathogens were noted, including pneumococcus and streptococcus meningitis.
Testing was ongoing but incomplete for some regions, including Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Chad.

Graphical Representation (Summary)

Figure 1: Meningitis attack rates significantly clustered in specific districts from Central and West African regions during Week 18.
Figure 2: Cumulative attack rates were variable by country and district, with some districts performing well relative to their neighbors.
Figure 3: Comparisons highlighted trends over 2012; increases in the Côte d’Ivoire and Chad were observed, while deaths decreased in countries with consistent surveillance.

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