2025-04-20-世界银行-重塑农业食品行业_实现更健康的饮食_探索农业食品公共支持与饮食质量之间的联系（英）_136页_7mb

Summary of "Reshaping the Agrifood Sector for Healthier Diets"

This Knowledge Note explores the critical link between public support in the agrifood sector and healthier diets, emphasizing the urgent need to address malnutrition globally. It highlights that current public support is often regressive, inefficient, and misaligned with nutrition goals, focusing disproportionately on staple foods like grains and meats while neglecting underconsumed, healthier alternatives such as fruits, vegetables, and dairy.

Key findings indicate that repurposing public support—shifting from producer subsidies to consumer transfers for nutrient-dense foods—could simultaneously reduce malnutrition, alleviate poverty, and promote environmental sustainability. Global simulations suggest opportunities for "triple wins," such as reducing extreme poverty and the cost of healthy diets, while lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, these changes must be accompanied by complementary policies, such as food price regulations, improved nutrition labeling, and investments in agricultural research.

Country-level case studies from Bangladesh and Malawi show mixed results. In Bangladesh, rural infrastructure improvements positively impacted dietary diversity and food security. In Malawi, input subsidies alone had limited effects on nutrition, but cash transfers improved dietary diversity. The studies underscore the importance of context-specific interventions and harmonized programs to avoid inefficiencies.

Future research should focus on trade policy impacts, hidden health costs of food systems, and climate-nutrition synergies. Strengthening data collection and political economy analysis will be crucial for effective policy reform.