世界经济论坛-自然与净零（英文）-2021.5-37页_8mb

Summary: Nature and Net Zero

Core Content

This document outlines the growing importance of Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) in addressing both the climate and nature crises, emphasizing their role in achieving a sustainable recovery from the impacts of the pandemic. It highlights the need for a coordinated effort between businesses, governments, and civil society to scale NCS investments and unlock their potential in carbon markets.

Main Points

• Converging Crises: The world is facing interconnected environmental challenges, including the accelerating destruction of nature and climate change. NCS can address both simultaneously.
• Corporate Commitments: Companies are increasingly making net-zero commitments, with many also pledging to invest in nature. These commitments are driving demand for carbon credits and highlighting the potential of NCS.
• Net Zero Pathways: Achieving a 1.5°C or 2°C pathway by 2030 requires a 50% net emission reduction from 2019 levels. NCS could contribute up to one-third of this reduction.
• NCS Potential: The total abatement potential of NCS by 2030 is estimated at 10.2Gt CO₂, with a "practical" potential of 6.7Gt CO₂. This potential is largely concentrated in the Global South.
• Costs and Benefits: NCS are generally low-cost, with prices ranging from $10 to $40 per ton of CO₂. They offer significant co-benefits such as biodiversity protection, improved water quality, and job creation for local communities.

Key Actions for Scaling NCS

1. Define Net Zero and Corporate Claims: Clear definitions and standards for corporate carbon reduction claims are essential to ensure credibility and consistency.
2. Highlight Good Practice for Supply: Promoting best practices in NCS implementation can help improve the quality and scalability of these solutions.
3. Send a Demand Signal: Businesses must demonstrate strong demand for NCS credits to encourage investment and unlock the market.
4. Improve Market Architecture: Developing robust market infrastructure and financing mechanisms is critical to support the growth of NCS.
5. Create Regulatory Clarity: Establishing clear and consistent regulatory frameworks at national or international levels will help build trust and confidence in NCS.
6. Build Trust: Enhancing transparency, sharing best practices, and fostering multistakeholder collaboration are necessary to address public skepticism and promote the integrity of NCS credits.

Co-Benefits of NCS

• Environmental Benefits: NCS contribute to carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, improved soil health, and enhanced water quality.
• Social and Economic Benefits: They provide resilience against climate impacts, support local livelihoods, and can generate jobs and economic opportunities.
• Private Capital Flow: NCS can attract private investment, particularly in forest-rich countries of the Global South, where they offer high potential for carbon credits and co-benefits.

Conclusion

NCS are vital for achieving net-zero goals and delivering sustainable development. However, their potential is constrained by a lack of consensus on standards, technical challenges, and public concerns about their validity. The report calls for a unified approach to standards, improved market mechanisms, and greater stakeholder collaboration to unlock the full potential of NCS and support a green recovery from the pandemic.

Key Figures and Data

• Global Emissions from Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use: Contribute to about a quarter of global emissions.
• NCS Contribution to Net Emission Reductions: Could deliver up to one-third of the required 23Gt CO₂ reduction by 2030.
• NCS Potential by 2030: 10.2Gt CO₂ total, with 6.7Gt CO₂ practical potential.
• Cost Range: $10 to $40 per ton of CO₂, significantly lower than technological solutions.
• Co-Benefits: Include biodiversity protection, water quality improvement, and community resilience.

Contributors and Context

The report is part of a broader initiative to scale investment in climate and nature, building on the work of the Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets (TSVCM) and the World Economic Forum's New Nature Economy report series. It aims to foster a discussion on the role of NCS and the strategies needed to build trust and confidence in the market.