2021-09-30-亚开行-中华人民共和国的绿色发展_与亚洲开发银行的动态伙伴关系（英）_65页_5mb

Greening Development in the People’s Republic of China: A Dynamic Partnership with the Asian Development Bank

Executive Summary

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have partnered for over three decades to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. From 2011–2020, 92% of ADB’s financed projects supported environmentally sustainable development, shifting toward integrated green solutions. The partnership focuses on four key areas:

• Enhancing Environmental Protection and Ecological Conservation: Includes adopting ecosystem-based approaches like the Yangtze River Economic Belt’s green corridors and eco-compensation schemes.
• Transforming the Rural Economy: Prioritizes climate-smart agriculture and inclusive rural development through the Rural Vitalization Strategy.
• Developing Green Livable Cities: Supports smart urban infrastructure, sponge cities, and low-carbon transportation.
• Investing in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Includes air quality programs in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and carbon finance innovations.

ADB’s new Country Partnership Strategy (2021–2025) aligns with the PRC’s 14th Five-Year Plan, scaling up green solutions in sectors like renewable energy and circular economy. By 2023, ADB plans $2.89 billion for the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Pilot projects such as financing green funds and deploying natural solutions will replicate globally.

Introduction

Since the 2000s, the PRC’s green transition has evolved from standalone projects to programmatic approaches, integrating environmental, rural, and urban development. ADB’s technical assistance, policy reforms, and blended finance have been critical.

Enhancing Environmental Protection and Ecological Conservation

ADB supports eco-corridors, biodiversity protection, and pollution control in river basins like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Innovations include eco-compensation mechanisms and integrated flood risk management across provinces.

Transforming the Rural Economy

The Rural Vitalization Strategy promotes sustainable agriculture, market connectivity, and green livelihoods. ADB’s projects enhance farmer income through climate-smart practices, leveraging digital tools and private finance.

Developing Green Livable Cities

Urban initiatives include Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), sponge city infrastructure, and smart water management to combat climate risks. ADB engages the private sector through green bonds and public-private partnerships.

Investing in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

ADB finances clean energy, GHG reduction projects, and adaptive infrastructure. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei air quality program reduced PM 2.5 levels significantly.

Taking the Partnership Forward

The next phase prioritizes green finance, nature-based solutions, and institutional reforms. China’s green taxonomy influences global standards, offering replicable models for other developing countries.

Collected across sectors such as "enhancing environmental protection," "transforming the rural economy," "developing green livable cities," and "investing in climate change," the PRC-ADB collaboration demonstrates how holistic green strategies drive sustainable development.