2007年-世界发展银行全球_South-South_Capacity_Development___The_Way_to_Grow__4页_426kb

报告摘要

Capacity Development: South-South Learning and Cooperation Summary

Core Content

South-South capacity development refers to the process of developing countries sharing knowledge, expertise, and experiences to address common development challenges. This form of cooperation has gained increasing importance as developing nations recognize the value of peer learning and collaboration over traditional one-way knowledge transfers from the North.

Main Trends and Views

Growing Importance of South-South Cooperation:
South-South learning and cooperation are becoming more frequent, complex, and diverse, covering areas such as health, education, communication, research, and development. This shift reflects a new sense of confidence among developing countries in their ability to solve problems collectively.
Economic and Policy Changes:
Since the mid-1990s, many developing countries have experienced significant economic growth and policy reforms. For example, China is now the world's second-largest R&D investor, following the United States. This has enhanced the credibility and capacity of South countries to engage in knowledge sharing.
Peer Learning as a Key Tool:
South-South cooperation is seen as a more effective way to build capacity because it involves mutual learning, shared experiences, and a stronger sense of ownership over development processes.
Expansion of Trade and Communication:
South-South trade now accounts for 43% of the global South's total trade and is growing at a faster rate than global trade. Improved communication and travel have facilitated knowledge exchanges among developing nations.

Successful Cases of South-South Learning

Brazil and HIV/AIDS:
Brazil's successful approach to combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a model for other Latin American countries. It has also helped Botswana develop an integrated strategy against the disease.
Bangladesh and Microfinance:
The Association for Social Advancement in Bangladesh has trained numerous microfinance institutions in the Philippines, providing over 25,000 clients with financial services. Its standardized and cost-effective model is widely recognized.
India and Water Resource Management:
The Water Resources Development and Management Center at IIT Roorkee has trained engineers from across Asia, Africa, and other developing regions in water resource engineering. Since 1951, it has trained over 2,000 engineers.
ASEAN as a Model of Regional Cooperation:
Founded in 1967, ASEAN has successfully transformed former adversaries into cooperative partners. It has fostered economic, cultural, and political ties, leading to joint projects in agriculture, transport, and security. The region has a combined GDP of nearly $700 billion and a population of 550 million.

Key Initiatives Supporting South-South Cooperation

Shanghai Conference (2004):
A major event in the global learning process, it brought together key development actors and led to various activities, including case studies, videoconferences, and field visits.
Japan's Role in South-South Learning:
Japan has been a pioneer in South-South cooperation, supporting initiatives such as:
- Third Country Training Program: 151 courses were conducted in 38 countries in 2003.
- Third Country Expert Dispatch: 113 experts were sent to other developing countries, with 50% from Latin America.
- Partnership Programs: Japan has partnered with 12 countries to support capacity development.
- Hosting Conferences: JICA and UNDP have co-hosted conferences in Okinawa, Tokyo, and South Africa to promote dialogue and cooperation.

Conclusion

Globalization and Knowledge Sharing:
As globalization accelerates, developing countries are increasingly looking to learn from each other rather than just from the North. This trend is supported by the growth of South-South trade and the expansion of educational and technical exchanges.
Need for New Approaches:
Emerging donors like China and Japan must shift from the old North-South model to one that emphasizes peer learning and equitable partnerships. International organizations like the World Bank must adapt to this new environment to remain relevant in global development.
Future Prospects:
The World Bank and its partners have the opportunity to support the emergence of a knowledge-sharing paradigm among developing countries. This approach can lead to more democratic and equitable global interdependence.

References

Association of Indian Universities. 2004. Study on Internationalization of Indian Education.
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee.
JICA. 2006a. South-South Cooperation. Newsletter.
JICA. 2006b. Thematic Guidelines on South-South Cooperation.
OECD. 2006. China Will Become World's Second Highest Investor in R&D by End of 2006.
Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion. 2004. How Have the World's Poorest Fared Since the Early 1980s?
The Hindu. "Flow of International Students to India on the Rise." October 2, 2005.
UNDP. 2001. Fast Facts: Fostering South-South Cooperation.
UNDP. 2004a. Forging a Global South.
UNDP. 2004b. Innovative Triangular Cooperation towards the Millennium Development Goals.
World Bank. 2004. Reducing Poverty, Sustaining Growth: Case Study Summaries.

Peer Reviewers

Callisto Madavo, Professor, African Studies, Georgetown University.
Alan Piazza, Economist, East Asia and Pacific Sector Rural Development, World Bank.

About the World Bank Institute (WBI)

WBI is dedicated to unleashing the power of knowledge to enable a world free of poverty. It supports capacity development by helping institutions and countries diagnose poverty-related issues, make informed decisions, and share knowledge through various learning methods. WBI works with policymakers, technical experts, and civil society stakeholders to design effective policies and programs.