2011年-世界发展银行全球_Sharing_Mining_Benefits_in_Developing_Countries_72页_1mb

Summary of Sharing Mining Benefits in Developing Countries

Core Content

This document explores the use of Foundations, Trusts, and Funds (FTFs) as mechanisms for sharing mining benefits with local communities in developing countries. It emphasizes the importance of local integration, governance, and sustainability in the design and implementation of FTFs, which are increasingly seen as essential tools for social license to operate and community development.

Main Viewpoints

• FTFs as Beneficial Instruments: FTFs offer a structured way for mining companies and governments to share the economic, social, and environmental benefits of mining with local communities. They can be used for community investment, compensation for damages, and government revenue redistribution.
• Need for Local Adaptation: The success of FTFs depends on their adaptation to the local context, which includes understanding community needs, local governance structures, and economic conditions. This adaptation ensures that FTFs are complex enough to meet the needs of the operating environment and financially sustainable.
• Key Success Factors: The document identifies six criteria that facilitate the comparison and analysis of FTFs, including:
  • Programming approach (from grant-making to fully operational).
  • Financing structure (ranging from fully endowed funds to annual budget allocations).
  • Geographic focus (from local to national levels).
  • Community participation (from no involvement to advisory roles).
  • Mining company influence (from full control to complete independence).
  • Government influence (from minimal involvement to legal mandates).
• Leading Practices: Three principles of leading practice are outlined:
  • Higher stakeholder participation leads to more sustainable and grounded development.
  • Robust governance structures enhance performance and attract external financing.
  • Planning for long-term sustainability through endowments or expanded participation improves the likelihood of delivering long-term benefits.

Key Information

Types of FTFs

FTFs are financial and institutional instruments designed to channel revenues from mining operations to communities. They can be:

• Government payments (taxes, royalties, etc.).
• Compensation for communities affected by mining.
• Community investment by companies beyond their regular operations.

Examples of FTFs

The document includes case studies from various countries, such as:

• Mozal Community Development Trust (Namibia)
• Lihir Sustainable Development Plan (Papua New Guinea)
• Asociación Arcash (Peru)
• Anglo American Chairman's Fund (Chile)
• Ok Tedi Development Foundation (Papua New Guinea)
• Rossing Foundation (Namibia)

These examples illustrate the variability in FTF models, governance structures, and community involvement.

Legal and Institutional Context

• FTFs often have legal definitions that vary by country, but their core functions remain consistent.
• Decentralization of revenue is a growing trend, but many governments still prefer centralized funding models.
• Legal liability for community development programs is often separated from the mining company to minimize risk.

Challenges and Considerations

• Limited local capacity can make FTFs more effective as they provide structured support and accountability.
• Remote and frontier areas often lack basic public services, placing the burden on mining companies to provide these.
• Post-mining sustainability is a critical concern, with FTFs helping to ensure continued benefits after operations close.

Conclusion

The document concludes that while there is no one-size-fits-all approach to FTFs, adaptation to the local context is a critical success factor. It also highlights that FTFs can be designed to meet multiple goals, including enhancing community development, transparency, and long-term sustainability. The role of governance, community engagement, and government support is emphasized as essential for ensuring that FTFs deliver positive and lasting impacts.

Appendices

• Appendix 1: Lists examples of FTFs from around the world.
• Appendix 2: Provides references and bibliography for further reading.

Figures and Tables

• Figure 2.1: Illustrates benefit-sharing channels from mining projects.
• Table 2.1: Shows examples of royalty and tax redistribution in mining areas.

Audience

The publication is aimed at governments and mining companies seeking to enhance community engagement and ensure sustainable development. It also acknowledges the importance of community and civil society organizations in the decision-making process and highlights the diverse approaches to benefit sharing that can be adapted to local needs.