【亚开行】菲律宾马拉利森岛太阳能光伏混合项目的社会经济影响评估-2024.10_78页_5mb

Socioeconomic Impact Assessment of the Malalison Island Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid Project in the Philippines

Core Content

The Malalison Island Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid Project is a key initiative aimed at addressing energy access challenges in remote, off-grid areas of the Philippines. The project, implemented by the Antique Electric Cooperative (ANTECO) in partnership with One Renewable Energy Enterprises, Inc. (OREEi) and supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), introduces a solar PV hybrid system that includes a 50-kW PV system, 273-kWh lithium-ion batteries, and a 54-kW diesel back-up generator, designed to provide 200 kW of power 24/7. The system also incorporates a prepayment metering system, which enhances operational efficiency and ensures 100% collection efficiency.

Main Objectives

• To provide 24/7 reliable electricity to Malalison Island.
• To improve energy access and energy equity for households and the community.
• To enhance environmental sustainability by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of hybrid renewable energy systems in off-grid areas.
• To test the EC-PSP (Electric Cooperatives in Partnership with the Private Sector) model as a scalable solution for rural electrification.

Key Findings

Socioeconomic Impact

• Energy Access: The project significantly improved the availability of electricity, extending ANTECO's service hours from 4 to 24 hours daily.
• Household Impact: Average monthly electricity consumption increased due to the availability of 24/7 power, enabling the use of more appliances and longer commercial operations. The prepayment system allowed households to manage their electricity usage based on affordability.
• Community Impact: The project led to improved social services, such as better access to education and healthcare, and enhanced livelihood opportunities. It also increased community awareness and social acceptance of the new system.
• Economic Development: Households and local businesses reported positive changes in income generation and business operations. Women and children were particularly affected by reduced exposure to kerosene lamp fumes and indoor pollution.
• Operational Efficiency: The hybrid system improved collection efficiency and reduced operational costs for ANTECO.

Environmental Sustainability

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The project mitigated 381.48 tons of CO₂ equivalent annually over the last 4.5 years.
• Renewable Energy Utilization: 77% of the power generated by the project came from solar energy.
• Reduction in Fossil Fuel Use: The hybrid system reduced dependence on diesel fuel, which is costly and environmentally harmful.

Assessment Framework

The assessment was conducted using a broader framework that includes:

• Energy Security: Ensuring reliable and continuous power supply.
• Energy Equity: Enhancing access to electricity for all segments of the population.
• Environmental Sustainability: Reducing carbon footprint and promoting clean energy.
• Social Welfare: Improving living conditions, education, and community engagement.

The evaluation included household surveys and operational data from ANTECO to measure changes in energy use, economic activity, and social well-being before and after the project.

Project Replication and Future Implications

• The Malalison Island project is seen as a successful model for replication in other remote island communities.
• ADB's support is crucial in scaling up similar projects and achieving the government's goal of 35% renewable energy in the national energy mix by 2030 and 50% by 2040.
• The EC-PSP model can attract private sector investment, which is essential for the sustainability and scalability of off-grid electrification initiatives.
• The participation of local governments and community engagement are vital for the implementation and success of such projects.

Conclusion

The Malalison Island Solar PV Hybrid Project has demonstrated positive outcomes in terms of energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. It has empowered local communities, improved livelihoods, and set a precedent for the replication of hybrid energy systems in other off-grid areas. ADB's role in supporting this initiative aligns with its mission to promote sustainable energy access in developing member countries and to reduce the country's reliance on fossil fuels.

Key Statistics

• Household Electrification: 91.1% as of June 2023, with 6.13 million households still unserved.
• Off-Grid Electrification: 1.29 million households in off-grid areas.
• Fossil Fuel Dependency: 91% of off-grid power is fossil fuel-based, mostly oil.
• Renewable Share: 77% of the project's power comes from solar energy.
• CO₂ Emissions Reduction: 381.48 tons of CO₂ equivalent annually.
• Total Installed Capacity: 27,044 MW (on-grid); 648 MW (off-grid).
• Total Dependable Capacity: 24,112 MW (on-grid); 504 MW (off-grid).

References

• ADB (2024). Socioeconomic Impact Assessment of the Malalison Island Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid Project in the Philippines.
• IEEFA (2024). Analytical Study on the Philippines Off-Grid Subsector.
• Philippine Department of Energy.
• Exconde, I. (2022). Power Situation and Power Outlook, 2022.
• World Risk Report 2022.

Appendices

• Tables: Cover a range of data including project information, energy consumption, and project impact indicators.
• Figures: Include visual data on energy sources, power generation, and consumption trends.
• Box: Highlights the Haida's Homestay initiative, which was positively impacted by the project.

Summary

The Malalison Island Solar PV Hybrid Project is a pilot initiative that successfully addresses the energy access gap in remote off-grid areas. It demonstrates the viability of hybrid renewable energy systems in improving socioeconomic outcomes and environmental sustainability. The project is a model for replication and highlights the importance of public-private partnerships in achieving clean and reliable energy access. ADB's role in supporting this project is critical in scaling up similar initiatives and achieving national energy targets.