2022-07-05-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Nepal_2022_country_profile_25页_406kb

报告摘要

WHO and UNICEF National Immunization Coverage Estimates Summary

Core Content

WHO and UNICEF jointly estimate national immunization coverage levels for various vaccines based on data submitted by Member States. These estimates are designed to reflect the most accurate coverage levels, taking into account potential biases and local expert opinions. The process involves reviewing empirical data, administrative reports, and survey results to ensure consistency and reliability. The estimates are country-specific and not derived from ad hoc adjustments or borrowed from other countries.

Main Vaccines and Coverage Metrics

BCG: Percentage of births who received one dose of Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine.
DTP1: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 1st dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid with pertussis containing vaccine.
DTP3: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 3rd dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid with pertussis containing vaccine.
Pol3: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 3rd dose of polio-containing vaccine (either oral or inactivated polio vaccine).
IPV1: Percentage of surviving infants who received at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine, depending on the national immunization schedule.
MCV1: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 1st dose of measles-containing vaccine, based on the recommended schedule.
MCV2: Percentage of children who received the 2nd dose of measles-containing vaccine.
RCV1: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 1st dose of rubella-containing vaccine, based on the first measles-rubella combination vaccine.
HepBB: Percentage of births who received a hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of delivery, only for countries with a universal birth dose policy.
HepB3: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 3rd dose of hepatitis B-containing vaccine.
Hib3: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 3rd dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b-containing vaccine.
RotaC: Percentage of surviving infants who received the final recommended dose of rotavirus vaccine, which can be the 2nd or 3rd dose depending on the vaccine.
PcV3: Percentage of surviving infants who received the 3rd dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, reflecting coverage with two doses before the first birthday in some countries.
YFV: Percentage of surviving infants who received one dose of yellow fever vaccine in countries where it is part of the immunization schedule.

Key Information

Data Sources

Administrative Coverage: Based on reports from national authorities and health service providers, potentially biased due to inaccuracies in numerator or denominator data.
Official Coverage: Estimated by national authorities, often incorporating administrative, survey, or other data sources. Approaches vary by country.
Survey Coverage: Based on population-based household surveys among children aged 12-23 months or 24-35 months. Uses documented evidence or caregiver recall.

Grade of Confidence (GoC)

The GoC indicates the level of empirical support for the estimates.
GoC = R+ D+ S+: Estimate is well supported by reported data, an independent denominator, and a survey within two years.
GoC = R+ S+ D+: Estimate is supported by at least one data source, and no data source challenges it.
GoC = R+ D+: Estimate is supported by reported data and an independent denominator.
GoC = R+ S+: Estimate is supported by reported data and a survey.
GoC = R+: Estimate is supported by reported data only.
GoC = S+: Estimate is supported by a survey.
GoC = D+: Estimate is supported by an independent denominator.

Methods and Considerations

Estimates are not based on ad hoc adjustments or borrowed data.
In cases where data is missing for a country/vaccine/year, interpolation is used based on data from earlier and later years.
For vaccines with mixed data sources, the most likely estimate is chosen with consideration of potential biases.
The GoC is not a judgment on data quality but reflects the degree of empirical support.

Notes on Specific Years

2021: Estimate based on national government data, adjusted for subnational reporting issues. GoC=R+ D+.
2020: Estimate based on national government data, supported by survey and adjusted for subnational reporting. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2019: Estimate based on national government data, adjusted for subnational reporting. GoC assigned by working group for consistency.
2018: Supported by survey data (88%), adjusted for recall bias. Administrative data completeness at 83%. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2017: Survey evidence of 82%, adjusted for recall bias. Administrative data completeness at 83%. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2016: Official estimates differ from administrative data due to denominator adjustments. Administrative coverage declined due to increased target population. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2015: Supported by survey data (95%), adjusted for recall bias. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2014: Supported by survey data (92%), adjusted for recall bias. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2013: Supported by survey data. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2012: Supported by survey data (93%), adjusted for recall bias. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2011: Supported by survey data (95%), adjusted for recall bias. GoC=R+ S+ D+.
2010: Based on reported data and survey (90%), adjusted for recall bias and a 2-month vaccine stock-out. GoC=R+ S+ D+.

Disclaimer

WHO and UNICEF take all reasonable precautions to verify the data, but the information is provided without warranty.
Users are advised to interpret and use the data with caution, considering the objective for which it is being used.
The estimates are not based on classical uncertainty measures such as confidence intervals.

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