通过人工智能应对全球挑战（英）-63页_1mb

Report Summary: Supercharging Research with Artificial Intelligence

Introduction

This report examines the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate scientific research and address global challenges. It provides an overview of AI's transformative capabilities in various fields and emphasizes the need for responsible deployment to maximize benefits while mitigating risks, such as bias, equity issues, and security concerns.

Key Benefits of AI in Research

• AI can revolutionize scientific processes by enabling faster discovery, predictive modeling, and automation in fields like materials science, climate change mitigation, and life sciences. For instance:
  • In materials science, AI helps discover novel materials for energy efficiency, such as superconductors and thermoelectrics.
  • Climate research benefits from improved weather and climate models, allowing for better predictions and policy development.
  • Life sciences advancements include accelerated drug discovery, personalized medicine, and insights into genetic and cellular functions.

Challenges and Risks

• AI tools face limitations, including errors from biased training data, high energy consumption, and potential for misuse. These issues could hinder scientific progress if not addressed.
• There is a digital divide in AI access, with powerful resources concentrated in private companies, limiting equitable participation in research.

Recommendations for Action

• Expand the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) to provide broad access to AI tools, data, and computational resources.
• Enhance secure access to federal datasets for approved research, with privacy safeguards and ethical guidelines.
• Foster collaborations across academia, industry, and government to accelerate AI-driven innovation.
• Integrate responsible AI practices into research workflows, including benchmarks for accuracy, fairness, and validation.
• Encourage flexible funding and incentives for AI-assisted research, updating metrics to recognize diverse contributions.

Conclusion

Responsible AI deployment can supercharge scientific research to tackle global challenges like climate change and health crises. Achieving this requires sustained investment, equitable access, and a culture of responsible innovation.