2024-06-16-世界银行-小额融资-宏观挑战_识别和应对缅甸小额融资机构面临的制约因素（英）_21页_612kb

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Myanmar play a crucial role in providing financial services, especially to underserved and rural populations, contributing significantly to financial inclusion and supporting economic activity. However, the sector faced adverse impacts from recent political and economic crises, including COVID-19, the military coup, and funding constraints, leading to a sharp decline in MFIs' lending capacity and an increase in non-performing loans (NPLs). Support for MFIs is essential to revitalize lending, improve borrowers' livelihoods, and alleviate poverty.

Key findings include:

• Sector Growth: Myanmar's MFI sector grew rapidly between 2012 and 2020, reaching six million clients by 2020, primarily serving women and supporting agriculture and small enterprises.
• Recent Shocks: MFIs' client numbers and loan disbursements declined significantly starting in 2021. The closure of Pact Global Microfinance Fund in 2023 worsened this decline, leaving a major funding gap.
• Challenges: MFIs face limited funding sources (domestic banks impose high collateral requirements, international funding is difficult to access due to regulatory delays and currency issues), high NPLs, operational difficulties, and regulatory limitations.

The report proposes several potential interventions to support the sector:

• Funding Solutions: New credit lines, risk-sharing arrangements with banks ("loan guarantees"), and equity investments or targeted grants can help MFIs secure capital and manage NPLs.
• Regulatory and Operational Improvements: Strengthening regulatory support and technical capacity can enhance MFIs' efficiency and sustainability.
• Targeted Support: Prioritizing loans in conflict-affected areas can address specific needs and boost economic resilience.

Recommendations for effective support include leveraging local bank partnerships through credit guarantees, tailoring financial assistance to MFIs' specific needs, and coordinating with national bodies like the Myanmar Microfinance Association (MMFA) to ensure impactful support.