2011-09-06-皮尤-From_Hyperpower_to_Declining_Power_5页_174kb

Changing Global Perceptions of the U.S. in the Post-Sept. 11 Era

Key Findings

• Initial Perception: Global sympathy for the U.S. following the Sept. 11 attacks was short-lived. It turned to widespread anti-Americanism, driven by U.S. military actions, particularly the Iraq War, leading to declining approval ratings in many countries by 2003.

• Shift in Attitudes: Over the post-Sept. 11 decade, views evolved from fearing American hyperpower to concerns about economic decline. Economic issues, exacerbated by the global financial crisis, shifted focus from military dominance to economic prowess, with many seeing the U.S. as a waning great power.

• Country-Specific Trends:

  • Western Europe: Approval ratings improved significantly after Barack Obama's election (e.g., Germany's favorable views rose to 93%), but skepticism about U.S. policies in areas like Iran and the Middle East persisted.
  • Middle East and Muslim Nations: Anti-Americanism remained high, fueled by ongoing issues from the Bush era, such as U.S. military presence in Afghanistan and criticism of anti-terrorism efforts. Ratings were consistently low in countries like Turkey, Pakistan, and Jordan.
  • China's Role: Views on China evolved, with perceptions that it could replace the U.S. as a global leader increasing from 40% in 2009 to 47% in 2011. While China is viewed positively for its economic growth in some regions (e.g., Pakistan, Japan), its military strength is widely seen as a potential threat, with support for rivalry varying by country.

• Economic Focus: The 2008 financial crisis highlighted concerns about America's relative decline, especially compared to China's growth, leading many to reassess U.S. power. Despite Obama's positive impact, reservations about foreign policy issues like economic management and strategic interests persisted.