2017年-CEPS欧洲政策研究中心_Cumulative_Cost_Assessment_of_the_EU_Glass_Industry_24页_304kb

Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) of the EU Glass Industry Summary

Core Content

The Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) of the EU glass industry evaluates the regulatory costs imposed by EU legislation on three subsectors: packaging glass, glass tableware, and flat glass (limited to the basic float glass segment). The assessment is retrospective, focusing solely on costs without considering benefits or cost-benefit balance.

The study analyzed the impact of EU legislation across six areas:

• Internal Market
• Energy
• Climate
• Environment
• Workers' and workplace safety
• Consumers and health

The CCA was conducted over the period 2006–2015, with key findings for 2015 highlighting the most recent regulatory impact. The data is based on a non-statistically representative sample of plants, with the number of plants varying by subsector and region.

Main Findings

Packaging Glass

• Cumulative regulatory costs in 2015: €12.31/tonne
• Breakdown of costs:
  • Administrative burdens: €0.55/tonne (0.4%)
  • Substantive compliance costs: €5.51/tonne (44.7%)
  • Direct charges: €0.92/tonne (7.5%)
  • Indirect costs: €5.33/tonne (43.2%)
• Main cost drivers:
  • Electricity price rules: €3.44/tonne (28% of total)
  • Environmental legislation: €2.34/tonne (19%)
  • Climate legislation: €2.24/tonne (18%)
• Regulatory costs as a percentage of key performance indicators:
  • Production costs: 3.9%
  • EBITDA: 14.7%
  • EBIT: 23.7%

Glass Tableware

• Cumulative regulatory costs in 2015: €33.19/tonne
• Breakdown of costs:
  • Administrative burdens: €3.92/tonne (11.8%)
  • Substantive compliance costs: €13.30/tonne (40.1%)
  • Direct charges: €3.46/tonne (10.4%)
  • Indirect costs: €12.51/tonne (37.7%)
• Main cost drivers:
  • Climate legislation: €7.16/tonne (21.6%)
  • Environmental legislation: €6.73/tonne (20.3%)
  • Electricity price rules: €5.60/tonne (16.9%)
  • General workers' safety: €4.09/tonne (12.3%)
• Regulatory costs as a percentage of key performance indicators:
  • Production costs: 2.3%
  • EBITDA: 22.0% (due to negative EBITDA in 2015)
  • EBIT: n.a. (data not available)

Flat Glass (Basic Float Glass)

• Cumulative regulatory costs in 2015: €9.74/tonne
• Breakdown of costs:
  • Administrative burdens: €0.44/tonne (4.5%)
  • Substantive compliance costs: €3.75/tonne (38.5%)
  • Direct charges: €1.32/tonne (13.6%)
  • Indirect costs: €4.22/tonne (43.3%)
• Main cost drivers:
  • Electricity price rules: €2.75/tonne (28%)
  • Environmental legislation: €1.90/tonne (19.5%)
  • Gas price rules: €1.64/tonne (16.8%)
  • Climate legislation: €1.48/tonne (15.2%)
• Regulatory costs as a percentage of key performance indicators:
  • Production costs: 3.4%
  • EBITDA: 31.3%
  • EBIT: 78.3%

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Comparison

Sample Overview

• Packaging glass: 26 plants (21 used for cost assessment)
• Glass tableware: 5 plants
• Flat glass: 15 plants

The sample is geographically distributed across Central-Eastern Europe, Northern-Western Europe, and Southern Europe. It includes typical plants for each subsector, with the exception of a few that manufacture special products and were excluded from the cost assessment.

Key Observations

• Regulatory costs are not uniform across subsectors and are heavily influenced by energy-related legislation.
• Climate legislation becomes a significant cost driver in 2015 for both packaging and glass tableware.
• Glass tableware faced particularly high regulatory costs in 2015 due to negative EBITDA and market demand fluctuations.
• EBITDA is more volatile than production costs, leading to higher regulatory cost percentages in some years.
• The study is based on non-statistical sampling, which limits the generalizability of the findings.