2022年肯尼亚创新展望报告-48页_3mb

Kenya National Innovation Outlook 2022 Summary

Rationale and Objectives

• Provides a foundation for tracking innovation processes and activities.
• Strengthens coordination and investments in strategic innovative activities.
• Acts as a surveillance tool for identifying niches for strategic investments and economic growth.
• Serves as a learning and feedback framework showing innovation opportunities, gaps, and challenges.
• Profiles Kenya's best practices, including informal sector activities often overlooked by global frameworks.
• Aims to strengthen Kenya's position in regional and global science, technology, and innovation (STI) engagements and resource mobilization.
• Commissioned by EARIH in partnership with KeNIA.
• Main goal: Develop a comprehensive overview of Kenya's innovation landscape over the past 5-10 years.
• Report aim: Inform stakeholders about trends and opportunities in the Kenyan innovation landscape.

Methodology and Development Process

• Process: Involved 9 key steps including conceptual understanding, data collection/analysis, and stakeholder co-creation.
• Key elements: Developing definitions, conceptual framework, data collection methodology, tools, analysis, scores, and a web-based scoreboard.
• Approach: Based on stakeholder consultations and global innovation frameworks.
• Indicators: 172 indicators identified and prioritized (77) based on relevance.
• Validation: Stakeholder workshops for indicator validation and relevance ranking.

Key Findings by Domain

• Domain 1: National and Global Economic Context:
  • Challenges: No consolidated visibility of innovation agenda in national blueprints; innovation governance concentrated on regulatory rather than facilitative functions.
  • Insights: Need for a National Multi-sectoral Innovation Masterplan; KeNIA requires more facilitative support.
• Domain 2: Innovation Lifecycle/Value Chain:
  • Challenges: Limited commercialisation units and poor linkages between knowledge production and commercialisation; diffusion and uptake need to include market expansion.
  • Insights: Strong in discovery phase (increasing knowledge production); development and commercialisation are frontiers.
• Domain 3: Investments:
  • Challenges: Low public budgetary allocation for ST&I; need to leverage inward FDI and enhance infrastructure utilisation.
  • Insights: Digital infrastructure improving but utility across sectors needs catalysis; financial investments are a frontier enabler.
• Domain 4: Incentives:
  • Challenges: Innovation-specific policies are emerging but inadequate; business process incentives prioritized; impacts of incentives unclear.
  • Insights: Need for institutionalized incentive schemes; policies should ease business setup and encourage innovation.
• Domain 5: Impacts:
  • Challenges: No clear framework to track impacts of specific innovations; social and environmental impacts often overlooked.
  • Insights: Economic impacts highly ranked; ecological impacts (e.g., carbon reduction) need prioritization.
• Domain 6: Impediments:
  • Challenges: Structural barriers like incompetence, corruption, and cultural beliefs hinder progress.
  • Insights: Corruption and structural inefficiencies ranked highest.

Frontier Sub-domains and Recommendations

• Commercialisation: Strengthen university TTOs and incubation centers to convert research into market products.
• Funding: Connect enterprise/funding with university research via University-led enterprises or linkages.
• Business Process Incentives: Develop institutionalized schemes with clear tracking.
• Economic Impacts: Align innovation outlook with national economic outlook.
• Structural Inefficiencies: Implement systemic reforms for better infrastructure protection and innovation promotion.

Core Elements

• Scoreboard: A framework with 6 domains and over 170 indicators to assess and track innovation performance.
• Digital Platform: Web-based interactive scoreboard for real-time data visualization and updates.

Conclusion and Next Steps

• The Outlook provides a foundational framework for tracking Kenya's innovation progress.
• Key strengths: Comprehensive scope and stakeholder engagement.
• Limitations: In-depth sectoral analysis is limited.
• Next Steps:
  • Collect/update missing data across domains.
  • Develop methodologies for specific data collection.
  • Conduct deeper dives into frontier sub-domains (e.g., county-level analysis).
  • Engage stakeholders to pilot and refine the scoreboard.
  • Focus future outlooks on specific areas or frontier domains.
  • Link with the Innovation Bridge Initiative for periodic data updates.

Project Teams and Funding

• Core Study Team: Dr. Joanes Atela, Prof. Sam Kinyanjui, and others from ARIN and collaborating institutions.
• Expert Reviewers: Prof. Jo Chataway, Prof. Andy Frost, Dr. Ellie Osir.
• National Working Group: 14 stakeholders from national and regional STI actors.