2025年全球互联互通报告_129页_5mb

Global Connectivity Report 2025 Summary

Core Content

The Global Connectivity Report 2025 is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of global connectivity and its role in shaping digital development. It emphasizes the importance of universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC) as a critical goal for inclusive and responsible digital transformation. UMC is defined as ensuring everyone can access the Internet in optimal conditions, affordably, and securely.

The report outlines the six interdependent enablers of UMC: quality, availability, affordability, devices, skills, and security. It highlights that while connectivity has expanded rapidly over the past 30 years, significant challenges and divides remain. The Global Digital Compact and ITU's efforts are central to addressing these challenges through coordinated global action and evidence-based policies.

Main Views

• Connectivity as a Global Force: Connectivity has evolved from a scarce resource to a fundamental part of daily life, driving innovation, economic growth, and human development. By 2025, 6 billion people are online, representing 74% of the global population.

• Persistent Divides: Despite progress, disparities in access and usage persist, particularly between and within countries. These include:

  • Income Divide: Low-income countries have significantly lower Internet penetration than high-income ones.
  • Gender Divide: The global parity score is 0.92, with a notable gap in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa and South Asia.
  • Age Divide: Youth (15–24) are more connected than the rest of the population, with older adults (especially those over 75) being the least connected.
  • Urban-Rural Divide: 85% of urban residents are online, compared to 58% of rural residents globally.
  • Education Divide: Individuals with tertiary education are more likely to use the Internet, with gaps exceeding 60 percentage points in some countries.

• Challenges of Connectivity: While connectivity brings benefits, it also introduces risks such as:

  • Digital inequality: Unstructured or excessive use of digital tools can harm well-being.
  • Cybersecurity threats: Cybercrime is a growing concern, though data on its prevalence and cost is limited.
  • Environmental impact: Digitalization contributes to significant energy consumption and e-waste generation.

• Affordability: High costs remain a major barrier to Internet use, especially in low-income countries. Entry-level mobile broadband prices are often a large portion of GNI per capita, and affordability has improved slightly between 2022 and 2025.

• Digital Skills: While communication and collaboration skills are most common among Internet users, there is a wide variation in basic digital skills proficiency across countries. Digital skills are essential for meaningful participation in the digital society.

• Infrastructure: The report underscores the importance of submarine cables and satellites in global connectivity. Submarine cables carry 99% of international data flows, but face risks from human activities and regulatory challenges. Satellites are becoming more important for reaching remote and underserved areas, though their penetration remains low.

Key Information

Policy and Governance

• Seven key policy measures are identified to accelerate UMC: national digital transformation strategies, converged licensing regimes, mandatory infrastructure sharing, spectrum trading, technology-neutral frameworks, sustained competition, and regulatory spaces for experimentation.
• G5 Benchmark is used to assess the maturity of digital market enabling environments, with leading and advanced systems correlating with better infrastructure outcomes.

Data and Measurement

• The Global Connectivity Report 2025 is supported by the Promoting and Measuring Universal and Meaningful Connectivity project, funded by the European Union.
• The report emphasizes the need for strong national data ecosystems to support evidence-based policymaking and track progress towards UMC.
• ITU's Digital Skills Forum 2024 and National Strategies on Digital Citizenship are highlighted as important initiatives for improving digital skills.

Technology Trends

• 5G coverage reaches 55% of the global population, but its expansion is uneven, lagging in many regions.
• Satellite broadband has seen significant growth in 2024, driven by multi-orbit networks (GEO, MEO, LEO) and integration into 5G and 6G ecosystems.
• Steerable beams and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) are expected to further enhance satellite connectivity.

Financial and Environmental Considerations

• Affordability improvements are a key focus, with the goal of reducing broadband costs to less than 2% of GNI per capita.
• E-waste and energy consumption by data centers are major environmental concerns, with 62 million tonnes of e-waste generated globally in 2022, only 22% of which was recycled.

Recommendations

• Strengthen institutional capacity and regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainable and resilient infrastructure.
• Improve affordability of connectivity services and devices through policy measures and competition.
• Enhance digital skills through targeted education and training programs.
• Develop robust data ecosystems to support policy-making and monitor progress.
• Address cybersecurity and digital well-being to ensure safe and responsible use of digital technologies.

Conclusion

The Global Connectivity Report 2025 underscores the need for a holistic approach to achieving UMC, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, data-driven policies, and inclusive digital development. As the world moves toward the Baku Action Plan, the report highlights the ongoing commitment of ITU and its partners to ensuring that no one is left behind in the digital transformation.