2025-05-06-世界银行-露天和地下煤矿的矿山关闭标准和改进的关闭后风险管理（英）_92页_3mb

Summary of World Bank's "Mine Closure Standards and Improved Post-Closure Risk Management for Surface and Underground Coal Mines"

Introduction

This document outlines the World Bank's standards for coal mine closure and post-closure risk management. It emphasizes transitioning from physical closure to sustainable closure, ensuring institutional governance, community support, and mine land repurposing. The guidelines aim to minimize environmental and social risks while creating economic opportunities for post-mining areas.

Module 1: Summary of Good Practices in Coal Mine Closure

• Core Principles: Four overarching principles guide closure and post-closure activities: public safety, land stability, mitigation of chemical impacts, and environmental reclamation, emissions control, and land use.
• Risk Management: A risk-based approach is used to assess and mitigate hazards such as methane emissions, groundwater pollution, subsidence, and geotechnical instabilities. Tools like probabilistic risk matrices and the UNFC resource classification system help in decision-making.
• Monitoring and Data: Comprehensive data collection during mining operations is essential for effective closure planning and post-closure monitoring.
• Methane Mitigation: Addressing fugitive methane emissions is critical due to its high global warming potential. Strategies include drainage, capture, use, and abatement.
• Land Repurposing: Techniques like GIS-based LURA assess land suitability for diverse future uses, such as renewable energy, agriculture, and tourism, promoting sustainable development.

Key takeaways

• Coal mine closure should serve as a business strategy to enhance long-term asset value and reduce risks.
• Proactive closure planning and robust technical standards are key to successful transitions and community engagement.
• Mine repurposing opportunities include renewable energy generation, land reuse, and infrastructure development, supported by innovative tools and frameworks.

Conclusion

The document positions the World Bank as a global advocate for responsible mine closure, combining technical rigor with socio-economic benefits to facilitate just transitions away from coal.