2023-03-07-世界卫生组织-Reducing_risks_and_detecting_early_to_prevent_and_manage_noncommunicable_diseases_4页_111kb

Key Findings and Recommendations from WHO Technical Brief on Noncommunicable Diseases

• Global Burden: NCDs cause nearly three-quarters of global deaths, with 17 million people dying annually, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). If no action is taken, 150 million adults could die prematurely from NCDs in the next decade, straining health systems and economies.

• Preventability and Impact: Most NCDs like heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases are preventable through addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and air pollution. Prevention and early detection can reduce premature mortality.

• Health System and Policy Gaps: Despite global commitments, health systems are underfunded, with limited access to interventions in many LMICs. COVID-19 highlighted this, disrupting NCD services and exposing inequalities where the risk of premature death is double in low-income countries compared to high-income ones.

• Economic Case: Investing in NCD prevention and control is cost-effective; WHO best buys could yield up to US$7 return for every US$1 invested by 2030, reducing premature mortality by 15%. Countries with strong policies and health systems show better outcomes.

• Action Recommendations: WHO suggests a roadmap for 2023-2030, including implementing multisectoral interventions, leveraging domestic measures like taxes on tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages, scaling up digital tools for screening, and ensuring NCDs are integrated into emergencies. A 10-point plan emphasizes universal health coverage, primary health care, patient involvement, and data strengthening.

• Challenges and Progress: Current investments are insufficient, with only 6% of countries on track for SDG target 3.4 by 2030. Relatively small additional investments can make a significant impact before 2030.