2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Ghana_101页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Ghana Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2017 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the ease of doing business in 190 economies, including Ghana, by analyzing regulatory environments across 11 key areas. These areas cover the entire business lifecycle, from starting a business to resolving insolvency. The report provides aggregate rankings and distance to frontier (DTF) scores to measure how close an economy is to the best practices in these areas. While the labor market regulation indicators are not included in the overall ease of doing business ranking, they are presented in the economy profile for detailed analysis.

Main Indicators and Performance

1. Starting a Business

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 110
• DB2016 Rank: 103
• DTF Score: 83.73
• Procedures (Men/Women): 8
• Time (Men/Women): 14 days
• Cost (% of income per capita): 19.7%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 99.96)

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 117
• DB2016 Rank: 112
• DTF Score: 65.34
• Procedures: 14
• Time (days): 170
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 2.9%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF 87.40)

3. Getting Electricity

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 120
• DB2016 Rank: 122
• DTF Score: 60.30
• Procedures: 4
• Time (days): 79
• Cost (% of income per capita): 1265.8%
• Best Performer: Republic of Korea (DTF 99.88)

4. Registering Property

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 77
• DB2016 Rank: 76
• DTF Score: 65.99
• Procedures: 5
• Time (days): 46
• Cost (% of property value): 1.2%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF 94.46)

5. Getting Credit

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 44
• DB2016 Rank: 42
• DTF Score: 65.00
• Procedures: 3
• Time (hours per year): 224
• Cost (% of profit): 32.7%
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF 100.00)

6. Protecting Minority Investors

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 87
• DB2016 Rank: 85
• DTF Score: 53.33
• Strength of minority investor protection index: 5.3
• Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF 83.33)

7. Paying Taxes

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 122
• DB2016 Rank: 119
• DTF Score: 62.91
• Payments per year: 33
• Time (hours per year): 224
• Total tax rate (% of profit): 32.7%
• Best Performer: United Arab Emirates (DTF 99.44)

8. Trading Across Borders

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 154
• DB2016 Rank: 167
• DTF Score: 52.32
• Time to export (border compliance): 108 hours
• Cost to export (border compliance): $490
• Best Performer: 10 Economies (DTF 100.00)

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 114
• DB2016 Rank: 111
• DTF Score: 54.00
• Time (days): 710
• Cost (% of claim): 23.0%
• Best Performer: Republic of Korea (DTF 84.15)

10. Resolving Insolvency

• Ghana DB2017 Rank: 155
• DB2016 Rank: 158
• DTF Score: 25.27
• Recovery rate (cents on the dollar): 23.7
• Time (years): 1.9
• Best Performer: Finland (DTF 93.89)

Key Findings and Trends

• Ghana's overall rank in 2017: 108
• Change in rank from 2016: +3
• Change in DTF score from 2016: +0.95
• Ghana's DTF score in 2017: 58.82
• Ghana's DTF score in 2016: 57.87

Important Methodological Changes in 2017

• Paying Taxes: Includes postfiling processes (e.g., tax refunds, audits, appeals)
• Gender Dimension: Introduced in 4 indicator sets (starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation)
• New Pilot Indicator: Selling to the government
• Inclusion of Somalia: Expanding the dataset to 190 economies

Comparative Insights

• Ghana's performance relative to comparator economies:
  • Starting a Business: Better than Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, and South Africa, but worse than the UK and New Zealand
  • Dealing with Construction Permits: Worse than many comparator economies, including the UK and New Zealand
  • Getting Electricity: Worse than most comparator economies, with high costs and long time
  • Registering Property: Better than most comparator economies, but still far from the best
  • Getting Credit: Better than Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Mali, but worse than the UK and New Zealand
  • Protecting Minority Investors: Better than many comparator economies, but not among the top performers
  • Paying Taxes: Better than Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, and Mali, but worse than the UK and UAE
  • Trading Across Borders: Poor performance compared to comparator economies
  • Enforcing Contracts: Moderate performance, but still lagging behind top performers
  • Resolving Insolvency: Poor performance, significantly worse than comparator economies

Policy Implications

• The report highlights areas of improvement in Ghana's regulatory environment, particularly in paying taxes, dealing with construction permits, and trading across borders.
• Gender-specific procedures in some areas indicate potential inefficiencies and discrimination against women entrepreneurs.
• The DTF score provides a clearer picture of progress over time, showing that Ghana has made slight improvements in some areas.
• The ease of doing business ranking is a relative measure, which may not fully capture absolute improvements in regulatory practices.
• Ghana's performance in registering property and getting credit suggests that the country is moving in the right direction, though there is room for further reform.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report provides a comprehensive analysis of Ghana's regulatory environment, emphasizing the importance of reducing bureaucratic hurdles, improving transparency, and ensuring equal opportunities for all entrepreneurs, including women. While Ghana has made some progress in recent years, it still faces significant challenges in areas such as paying taxes, trading across borders, and enforcing contracts. The report underscores the need for targeted reforms to improve the business climate and support economic growth.