世界银行-为我们的未来融资：如何提高北马其顿教育支出的效率（英）-2023-20页_241kb

Education spending in North Macedonia has declined from 5.1% to 4.0% of GDP and from 14.6% to 10.4% of government spending between 2010 and 2020, making it inefficient. Issues include an overstaffed school network due to poor hiring practices, with teacher numbers not matching student declines, leading to lower student-teacher ratios and poor educational outcomes. Salary expenses dominate the budget, limiting funds for capital and non-salary items. Learning outcomes are suboptimal, with low PISA scores and high dropout rates, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations focus on optimizing funding formulas to be performance-based, consolidating schools, improving teacher training and remuneration, enhancing equity through targeted support, and investing in digital infrastructure to build resilience.

Key Issues:

• Declining and inefficient education spending, despite recommended levels.
• Overhiring of teachers without alignment to enrollment trends.
• Widespread funding disparities across local governments.
• Low-quality learning outcomes and high out-of-school children.
• Underfunding of teacher professional development and capital investments.

Main Recommendations: Adopt per-student funding formulas, optimize school networks to save resources, prioritize teacher development and merit-based pay, ensure equitable access to education, and enhance accountability in funding.