2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2013___Iraq_111页_1mb
报告摘要
Economy Profile: Iraq - Doing Business 2013 Summary
Core Content
This document provides an overview of the business environment in Iraq based on the Doing Business 2013 report, which evaluates regulations affecting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across 11 key areas. It includes rankings, procedures, time, and cost metrics for each area, comparing Iraq with other economies and highlighting areas for potential reform.
Main Indicators and Rankings
| Indicator | Iraq DB2013 | Iraq DB2012 | Comparator Economies | Best Performer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting a Business | 177 | 177 | Egypt (26), Iran (87), Jordan (103), Oman (73), Saudi Arabia (78), UAE (22) | New Zealand (1) |
| Procedures (number) | 10 | 11 | Egypt (6), Iran (7), Jordan (7), Oman (5), Saudi Arabia (9), UAE (6) | New Zealand (1)* |
| Time (days) | 74 | 77 | Egypt (7), Iran (13), Jordan (12), Oman (8), Saudi Arabia (21), UAE (8) | New Zealand (1) |
| Cost (% of income per capita) | 81.1 | 115.7 | Egypt (10.2), Iran (3.3), Jordan (13.8), Oman (2.6), Saudi Arabia (5.0), UAE (6.0) | Slovenia (0.0) |
| Paid-in Min. Capital | 25.2 | 35.5 | Egypt (0.0), Iran (0.5), Jordan (0.0), Oman (223.1), Saudi Arabia (0.0), UAE (0.0) | 91 Economies (0.0)* |
| Dealing with Construction Permits | 84 | 80 | Egypt (165), Iran (166), Jordan (102), Oman (59), Saudi Arabia (32), UAE (13) | Hong Kong SAR, China (1) |
| Procedures (number) | 12 | 12 | Egypt (22), Iran (16), Jordan (17), Oman (13), Saudi Arabia (14), UAE (14) | Hong Kong SAR, China (6)* |
| Time (days) | 187 | 187 | Egypt (218), Iran (320), Jordan (70), Oman (174), Saudi Arabia (103), UAE (46) | Singapore (26) |
| Cost (% of income per capita) | 109.8 | 125.0 | Egypt (135.0), Iran (262.3), Jordan (529.8), Oman (37.6), Saudi Arabia (24.7), UAE (9.2) | Qatar (1.1) |
| Getting Electricity | 46 | 47 | Egypt (99), Iran (163), Jordan (38), Oman (54), Saudi Arabia (12), UAE (7) | Iceland (1) |
| Procedures (number) | 5 | 5 | Egypt (7), Iran (7), Jordan (5), Oman (6), Saudi Arabia (4), UAE (4) | Germany (3)* |
| Time (days) | 47 | 47 | Egypt (54), Iran (140), Jordan (47), Oman (62), Saudi Arabia (61), UAE (40) | Germany (17) |
| Cost (US$ per container) | 516.7 | 609.9 | Egypt (396.0), Iran (788.4), Jordan (292.3), Oman (51.3), Saudi Arabia (31.5), UAE (19.3) | Japan (0.0) |
| Registering Property | 100 | 98 | Egypt (95), Iran (165), Jordan (102), Oman (18), Saudi Arabia (12), UAE (12) | Georgia (1) |
| Procedures (number) | 5 | 5 | Egypt (7), Iran (9), Jordan (7), Oman (2), Saudi Arabia (5), UAE (2) | Georgia (1)* |
| Time (days) | 51 | 51 | Egypt (72), Iran (36), Jordan (21), Oman (16), Saudi Arabia (8), UAE (10) | Portugal (1) |
| Cost (% of property value) | 7.5 | 6.9 | Egypt (0.7), Iran (10.5), Jordan (7.5), Oman (3.0), Saudi Arabia (0.0), UAE (2.3) | Belarus (0.0)* |
| Getting Credit | 176 | 176 | Egypt (83), Iran (83), Jordan (167), Oman (83), Saudi Arabia (53), UAE (83) | United Kingdom (1)* |
| Strength of Legal Rights | 3 | 3 | Egypt (3), Iran (4), Jordan (2), Oman (4), Saudi Arabia (5), UAE (4) | Malaysia (10)* |
| Depth of Credit Information | 0 | 0 | Egypt (6), Iran (5), Jordan (2), Oman (5), Saudi Arabia (6), UAE (5) | United Kingdom (6)* |
| Public Registry Coverage | 0.0 | 0.0 | Egypt (4.3), Iran (25.9), Jordan (1.9), Oman (37.3), Saudi Arabia (0.0), UAE (5.9) | Portugal (90.7) |
| Private Bureau Coverage | 0.0 | 0.0 | Egypt (16.4), Iran (31.9), Jordan (0.0), Oman (0.0), Saudi Arabia (33.3), UAE (31.7) | United Kingdom (100.0)* |
| Protecting Investors | 128 | 124 | Egypt (82), Iran (150), Jordan (128), Oman (100), Saudi Arabia (19), UAE (128) | New Zealand (1) |
| Extent of Disclosure | 4 | 4 | Egypt (8), Iran (7), Jordan (5), Oman (8), Saudi Arabia (9), UAE (4) | Hong Kong SAR, China (10) |
| Ease of Shareholder Suits | 4 | 4 | Egypt (5), Iran (0), Jordan (4), Oman (2), Saudi Arabia (4), UAE (2) | New Zealand (10) |
| Strength of Investor Protection | 4.3 | 4.3 | Egypt (5.3), Iran (3.7), Jordan (4.3), Oman (5.0), Saudi Arabia (7.0), UAE (4.3) | New Zealand (9.7) |
| Paying Taxes | 65 | 59 | Egypt (145), Iran (129), Jordan (35), Oman (10), Saudi Arabia (3), UAE (1) | UAE (1) |
| Payments (number per year) | 13 | 13 | Egypt (29), Iran (20), Jordan (25), Oman (14), Saudi Arabia (3), UAE (4) | Hong Kong SAR, China (3)* |
| Time (hours per year) | 312 | 312 | Egypt (392), Iran (344), Jordan (151), Oman (62), Saudi Arabia (72), UAE (12) | UAE (12) |
| Trading Across Borders | 179 | 181 | Egypt (70), Iran (143), Jordan (52), Oman (49), Saudi Arabia (36), UAE (5) | Singapore (1) |
| Documents to Export (number) | 10 | 10 | Egypt (8), Iran (7), Jordan (5), Oman (8), Saudi Arabia (5), UAE (4) | France (2) |
| Time to Export (days) | 80 | 80 | Egypt (12), Iran (25), Jordan (13), Oman (10), Saudi Arabia (13), UAE (7) | Singapore (5)* |
| Cost to Export (US$ per container) | 3,550 | 3,550 | Egypt (625), Iran (1,470), Jordan (825), Oman (745), Saudi Arabia (935), UAE (630) | Malaysia (435) |
| Documents to Import (number) | 10 | 10 | Egypt (9), Iran (8), Jordan (7), Oman (8), Saudi Arabia (5), UAE (5) | France (2) |
| Time to Import (days) | 82 | 83 | Egypt (13), Iran (32), Jordan (15), Oman (9), Saudi Arabia (17), UAE (7) | Singapore (4)* |
| Cost to Import (US$ per container) | 3,650 | 3,650 | Egypt (755), Iran (2,100), Jordan (1,335), Oman (680), Saudi Arabia (1,054), UAE (590) | Malaysia (420) |
| Enforcing Contracts | 141 | 141 | Egypt (152), Iran (53), Jordan (129), Oman (107), Saudi Arabia (124), UAE (104) | Luxembourg (1) |
| Time (days) | 520 | 520 | Egypt (1,010), Iran (505), Jordan (689), Oman (598), Saudi Arabia (635), UAE (524) | Singapore (150) |
| Cost (% of claim) | 28.1 | 28.1 | Egypt (26.2), Iran (17.0), Jordan (31.2), Oman (13.5), Saudi Arabia (27.5), UAE (19.5) | Bhutan (0.1) |
| Procedures (number) | 51 | 51 | Egypt (42), Iran (39), Jordan (38), Oman (51), Saudi Arabia (40), UAE (49) | Ireland (21)* |
| Resolving Insolvency | 185 | 185 | Egypt (139), Iran (126), Jordan (112), Oman (77), Saudi Arabia (107), UAE (101) | Japan (1) |
| Time (years) | No practice | No practice | Egypt (4.2), Iran (4.5), Jordan (4.3), Oman (4.0), Saudi Arabia (2.8), UAE (3.2) | Ireland (0.4) |
| Cost (% of estate) | No practice | No practice | Egypt (22), Iran (9), Jordan (9), Oman (4), Saudi Arabia (22), UAE (20) | Singapore (1)* |
| Outcome | No practice | No practice | Egypt (0), Iran (0), Jordan (0), Oman (0), Saudi Arabia (0), UAE (0) | No practice |
| Recovery Rate | 0.0 | 0.0 | Egypt (17.6), Iran (23.1), Jordan (27.4), Oman (36.6), Saudi Arabia (28.0), UAE (29.4) | Japan (92.8) |
Key Information
- Ease of Doing Business Rank (2013): 165 (down from 163 in 2012).
- Global Rank for Starting a Business: 177 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Dealing with Construction Permits: 84 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Getting Electricity: 46 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Registering Property: 100 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Getting Credit: 176 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Protecting Investors: 128 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Paying Taxes: 65 (up from 59 in 2012).
- Global Rank for Trading Across Borders: 179 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Enforcing Contracts: 141 (no significant change from 2012).
- Global Rank for Resolving Insolvency: 185 (no significant change from 2012).
Main Findings
- Starting a Business: Iraq requires 10 procedures, takes 74 days, and costs 81.1% of income per capita. The paid-in minimum capital requirement is 25.2% of income per capita.
- Dealing with Construction Permits: Iraq requires 12 procedures, takes 187 days, and costs 109.8% of income per capita.
- Getting Electricity: Iraq requires 5 procedures, takes 47 days, and costs 516.7 USD per container.
- Registering Property: Iraq requires 5 procedures, takes 51 days, and costs 7.5% of property value.
- Getting Credit: Iraq has a low ranking, with a strength of legal rights index of 3 and a depth of credit information index of 0.
- Protecting Investors: Iraq has a moderate ranking, with an index score of 4.3 and moderate disclosure.
- Paying Taxes: Iraq requires 13 payments, taking 312 hours per year.
- Trading Across Borders: Iraq requires 10 documents for both import and export, taking 80 days to export and 82 days to import.
- Enforcing Contracts: Iraq takes 520 days to enforce a contract and has a cost of 28.1% of the claim.
- Resolving Insolvency: Iraq has no practice in place for resolving insolvency, with a recovery rate of 0.0 cents on the dollar.
Comparative Insights
- Iraq's performance is generally below average in most areas, especially in getting credit, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency.
- Comparators like Jordan, Oman, and Saudi Arabia show better performance in several indicators.
- UAE and Singapore are among the best performers in most categories.
- New Zealand and Iceland are top performers in starting a business and getting electricity, respectively.
- Global benchmarks like Georgia and Portugal are leading in registering property and time to register property.
Reforms in Iraq
- No significant reforms were recorded in DB2010 to DB2012.
- In DB2012, the cost to start a business increased, due to higher fees for name reservation and legal drafting.
- No reforms were recorded in DB2013.
Distance to Frontier
- Iraq's distance to frontier measures show it is far from best practices in most areas.
- The distance to frontier is calculated as the average of the performance gap across the 9 Doing Business indicator sets.
- Some areas show improvement, while others remain challenging.
Conclusion
Iraq faces significant regulatory challenges in starting and operating a business, particularly in getting credit, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. While there are some improvements in paying taxes, the overall ease of doing business remains low, indicating a need for comprehensive regulatory reform to support SMEs and improve the business environment.
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