2010年-世界发展银行全球_Lessons_from_Environmental_Mainstreaming___Towards_Environmental_Sustainability_49页_664kb

2010 World Bank Environment Strategy Summary

Core Message

The 2010 World Bank Environment Strategy builds on the 2001 strategy, which aimed to integrate environmental considerations into development activities across sectors. The 2010 strategy seeks to advance environmental sustainability by enhancing the Bank's analytical and advisory inputs, improving its results framework, and supporting cross-sectoral themes.

Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations

Key Findings

• Environmental mainstreaming in the World Bank Group has increased over the past decade, with the share of commitments addressing environment and natural resources (ENRM) growing from about 5% in FY02 to 11% in FY09.
• The core portfolio, defined as projects with 65% or more ENRM thematic content, has seen significant growth from $93 million in FY02 to approximately $3.7 billion in FY09.
• The sectors with the highest growth in environmental focus are energy, urban development, and water management.

Types of Bank Support

• Knowledge Services: The Bank has produced a range of analytical and advisory products, including World Development Reports (WDRs), Country Environmental Analyses (CEAs), and Sectoral Environmental Assessments (SEAs), which have enhanced understanding of the links between development and environmental sustainability.
• Sector Strategies: Recent sector strategies have increasingly acknowledged the interdependence between environmental conditions and sector performance. They include results indicators and guidance on integrating environmental sustainability into development planning.
• Lending Services: The Bank has increased its financial commitments to environmental projects, with the total value of ENRM-related lending rising from about $1 billion in FY02 to $5.5 billion in FY09. Environment Development Policy Loans (DPLs) account for about half of these commitments.

Country Case Studies

Several case studies illustrate the impact of the Bank's environmental mainstreaming efforts:

• Colombia: Reform of transport fuels quality was supported through relevant and timely analytical work and policy and technical assistance, linking economic performance with environmental conditions.
• China: Long-term engagement in water management enabled joint learning and improved environmental governance.
• Namibia: Credible analytical input helped facilitate dialogue between environmental authorities and the Ministry of Finance, supporting nature tourism financing.
• Turkey: The Bank provided a variety of instruments to support energy sector reforms.
• India and Pakistan: Safeguards work went beyond compliance to achieve greater development impact, particularly in road and education projects.

Internal Factors Affecting Mainstreaming

Accountability and Incentives

• The 2001 strategy included a limited "off-the-top" subsidy and a strong mandate from senior management to encourage environmental mainstreaming, but these incentives were difficult to sustain.
• Progress has organically grown from within relevant constituencies, including influential professionals, development partners, and public opinion.

Skills and Capacity

• The Environment family has a large human resource base (258 staff, including 41 co-terminous appointments), with strong skills in policy analysis and institutional issues.
• The review recommends updating the 2005 skills inventory and fostering collaboration on environmental skills renewal across all sectors.

Recommendations for the 2010 Strategy

(a) Develop Joint Work Programs

• Create joint work programs to improve indicators and expand support to cross-sectoral themes such as pollution management and hygiene.
• Introduce new indicators linked to local environmental issues, including resource efficiency, renewable energy use, and service expansion related to environmental outcomes.
• Use baseline and time series data similar to the Little Green Data Book for comparative analysis across similar income groups and economic structures.

(b) Shift Safeguards Focus

• Move from compliance-based safeguards to a value-added approach.
• Invest in learning and staff capacity to ensure effective environmental management.
• Actively manage safeguards by intervening upstream and building client capacity.

(c) Improve Core Environmental Work

• Continue to enhance the quality and effectiveness of core environmental work.
• Ensure that analytical and technical assistance (TA) lending is timely and relevant to support environmental sustainability at the country level.

(d) Support Innovation in Financing

• Strengthen existing trust funds and financing instruments such as GEF, carbon finance, and CIF.
• Promote innovation in financing and resource mobilization to achieve sectoral environmental sustainability goals.

Conclusion

The 2010 World Bank Environment Strategy aims to build on the progress made since 2001 by reinforcing environmental mainstreaming across sectors and improving the Bank's results framework. The review highlights the importance of analytical work, cross-sectoral coordination, and innovative financing in achieving environmental sustainability. It also recommends a shift in focus from compliance to value-added approaches and the use of a core portfolio for more accurate reporting and analysis.