2018工程前沿报告（英文）-2018.11-8页

报告摘要

Engineering Fronts in 2018 Summary

Core Content

The Engineering Fronts in 2018 report, authored by a team of researchers from multiple institutions, outlines the most promising research and development directions across nine engineering fields. The study combines quantitative data analysis with expert insights to identify 95 research fronts and 96 development fronts, with 27 key fronts in each category selected for detailed interpretation.

The methodology involves three stages: data mapping, data analysis, and expert review. Data is sourced from high-level journals, conferences, and patents, while expert input ensures the interpretation of results and the identification of complementary fronts. The research covers 53 subject groups and utilizes clustering techniques and semantic similarity to map technological trends.

Main Fields and Key Fronts

1. Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering

Research Fronts:
- Self-adaptive tracking of autonomous underwater vehicles
- Consistency control of multi-agent systems
- Self-adaptive neural network control of manipulators
- Underwater autonomous navigation systems
- Thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries
- Global navigation satellite system optimization
- Cognitive wireless networks
- Target recognition based on tactility
- Assessment and utilization of inshore wave energy resources
- Electro/magnetic field-enhancing nanofluid convective heat transfer
Development Fronts:
- Micro-electro-mechanical systems sensors
- New ship-propulsion systems
- Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
- Gas turbines
- Marine survey and positioning technology
- Autonomous control of unmanned ground vehicles
- Over-ocean communication, navigation, and positioning technology
- New generation of image display technology
- Takeoff, landing, and flying of aircraft
- New types of engine technology

2. Information and Electronic Engineering

Research Fronts:
- Radar stealth technology
- Interpretable deep learning
- New-generation mobile communication technology
- Networked collaborative sensing and control theory
- Blockchain technology
- Quantum coherence measurement and decoherence control
- Software robot-control methods
- High-resolution remote-sensing scene classification and image-processing technology
- Silicon-based optical interconnect chip technology
- Human body gesture-recognition methods based on deep neural networks
Development Fronts:
- UAVs and autonomous driving technology
- Multi-dimensional image information acquisition, processing, and fusion technology
- Display, interaction, and manipulation techniques for virtual reality and augmented reality systems
- Optical fiber communication and all-optical networks
- Identity authentication and access control in network security
- Cloud computing platforms
- Human-computer interaction sensing methods and applications
- Array sensor and array-sensing big data processing technology
- Broadband wireless communication systems
- New storage systems based on nonvolatile memory

3. Chemical, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering

Research Fronts:
- Functionalization and composites of nanocarbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes)
- Lithium-oxygen (Li–O₂) and metal-air batteries
- High-efficiency halide perovskite solar cells, luminescent materials, and sensitive detectors
- New fluorescent molecular probes for bioimaging
- Controllable synthesis, function-oriented modification, and application of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials
Development Fronts:
- Key materials and technology for large-scale energy storage
- Catalytic conversion of fossil resources and biomass
- Green and intelligent metallurgical manufacturing processes
- Development and application of additive manufacturing (3D printing)
- Preparation, structural connections, and applications of advanced composites
- Key technologies and materials for supercapacitors
- New-generation high-energy lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries and solid-state Li batteries
- Key methods for preparing graphene-based functional materials and their application in energy storage
- Preparation and application of light metal alloys
- Crystal engineering and large-scale applications of MOF materials
- Advanced processing of rare and precious metals
- Cell therapy

4. Energy and Mining Engineering

Research Fronts:
- New-generation solar cells (perovskite, perovskite/Si heterojunction tandem, Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin-film, polymer, and quantum dot sensitized solar cells)
- Advanced nuclear energy technology—fusion-fission hybrid reactor technology
- Key engineering technologies, equipment, and materials for the intelligentization of coal, oil, and gas exploitation
- Spatial distribution prediction of residual oil and gas resources based on big data and cognitive theory
- 3D seismic data analysis and reconstruction technology
- Critical technical issues in advanced high-performance fuel cells
- Efficient and clean processing and conversion of coal
- In situ upgrading mechanism and key technologies for large-scale development of shale oil
Development Fronts:
- Development and utilization system of fossil energy and core technology and equipment
- High-voltage and high-power power electronic devices and equipment in power systems
- Spent fuel reprocessing and nuclear facility instrumentation
- Advanced energy-storage technology in energy and power systems
- Research and application of wireless power transmission and its related equipment
- Renewable resources generation system and its operation and control
- Advanced reactor technology and equipment development
- Use of wide spectral remote-sensing techniques to explore mineral deposits and geothermal resources
- New tools and materials for petroleum engineering
- Green mining technology (coal, oil, gas, ores)
- Logging identification of unconventional reservoirs
- 3D geological modeling technology
- Safe, intelligent, and precise mining technology and equipment
- Advanced nuclear fuel technology research and development

5. Civil, Hydraulic, and Architectural Engineering

Research Fronts:
- Life-cycle reliability of civil engineering structures and systems
- Ultra-high-performance and smart cement-based composite materials
- Highway pavement renewable materials and pavement materials rejuvenation
- Green vernacular architecture
- AI-based architectural design methodology
- Intelligent control systems for building environments
- Migration and transformation mechanisms of microplastics in wastewater treatment
- Fusion and processing of multilevel space-air-ground remote-sensing data
- Dynamic fusion of geographical spatiotemporal big data for smart cities
- Life-cycle safety of water-related engineering
Development Fronts:
- Intelligent construction and 3D printing technology
- Green planning and building technology
- Key technological systems in intelligent transportation
- Construction technology and intelligent equipment for ultra-long and ultra-deep tunnels
- Collaborative development and utilization of urban underground space
- Novel deepwater foundations and wind resistance for cable-supported bridges
- Ecofriendly building materials
- Advanced treatment of urban water
- Regulation technology for urban storm-water
- High-precision positioning navigation and spatiotemporal big data

6. Environmental and Light Textile Engineering

Research Fronts:
- Health effects of air pollution
- High-resolution ocean circulation models
- Intelligent wearable materials
- Transport and transformation mechanisms of contaminants under multimedia and multiple interfaces
- Performance and mechanism of decontamination technologies based on environmental nanocomposites
- The mechanisms of combined air pollution
- Ocean acidification
- Weather and climate predictability and model development
- Mechanisms of food nutrition metabolism based on intestinal microbiomics
- Deep treatment of dyeing and finishing effluents
Development Fronts:
- Remediation technology for organic pollution in soils
- Automatic monitoring technology for remote-sensing radar
- E-innovation of monitoring techniques for pesticide residues
- Sewage and wastewater resources energy-recovery technology
- Air pollution control technology
- New energy and clean energy technologies
- Automatic monitoring and early-warning system for disasters
- Autonomous underwater vehicles
- Ecological leather
- Smart wearable textiles

7. Agriculture

Research Fronts:
- Crop breeding by molecular design
- Intelligent agricultural equipment
- Mechanisms of plant response to biotic and abiotic stress
- Efficient use of solar energy in agricultural facilities
- Development and utilization of intelligent agricultural machinery
- CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in agricultural biotechnology
- Utilization technology of animal stem cells
- Animal models and animal genome editing
- Impact of climate change on crop production
- Soil microbial diversity and biological nitrogen fixation
- Plant diversity and global biosecurity
- Heavy metal pollution in soil and stress on crops
- Crop nutrition supply and agricultural sustainable development
Development Fronts:
- Utilization technology of animal stem cells
- Agricultural waste and biomass energy conversion
- Crop transgenic technology
- Development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides
- Animal models and animal genome editing
- Introduction of disease resistance genes and their utilization
- Efficient use of solar energy in agricultural facilities
- Development and utilization of intelligent agricultural machinery
- Forestry information database construction and ecosystem construction
- Crop inbred lines breeding and new hybrid varieties

8. Medicine and Health

Research Fronts:
- New taxonomy based on aberrant molecules and targeted therapy
- Stem cell and cell therapies
- Precision medicine research based on biomedical big data
- Prevention and intervention of aging
- Safety evaluation, risk control, and quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine
- Regenerative medicine and regeneration microenvironments
- Discovery of emerging highly pathogenic viruses and their epidemic warning and control
- Neurodegenerative disorders
- Gut microbiota and tumor development
- Gene editing and correction of genetic disease mutations in human embryo
Development Fronts:
- Stem cell technologies
- AI and disease diagnosis
- Biomedical materials
- Tumor immunotherapy
- AI health management
- Genome editing
- Robotic surgery systems
- Telemedicine
- Personalized therapeutic cancer vaccine
- Medical 3D printing technology

9. Engineering Management

Research Fronts:
- Service-oriented strategies of manufacturing enterprises
- Charging strategies for electric vehicles
- Utilization of land resources under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
- Impact of climate change on water resources in arid regions
- Diagnosis of mental diseases using mobile-device sensors
- Strategic plans for regional environmental management
- Energy management based on distributed microgrid technology
- Water-energy-food nexus
- Application of ecosystem services in ecological risk assessment
- Impact of built environment on commuting
Development Fronts:
- Electric vehicle charging management methods and systems
- Intelligent health management methods and systems
- Intelligent connected vehicle technology
- Risk management methods and systems
- BIM-based construction management systems
- Monitoring-system development based on positioning technology
- Energy management control methods and systems
- Logistics management methods and systems
- Medical service management methods and systems
- Intelligent medical management methods and systems

Key Information

The study is a collaborative effort between the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Clarivate Analytics, and Higher Education Press.
It integrates data mining and expert analysis to identify emerging trends in engineering.
The report provides a strategic reference for responding to global challenges and promoting sustainable development.
The key fronts in each field are selected based on their impact, innovation, and potential for future development.
The use of clustering methods and ThemeScape patent maps helps visualize and analyze the evolution of engineering technologies.