2016年-世界发展银行全球_Punjab_Service_Delivery_Assessment___A_Decision-Making_Tool_for_Transforming_Funds_into_Improved_Services_56页_902kb

Summary of "Scaling up Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Pakistan" - Punjab Service Delivery Assessment

Core Content

The Punjab Service Delivery Assessment (SDA) provides a comprehensive analysis of the water supply and sanitation sector in Punjab, highlighting institutional and financial challenges that hinder effective service delivery. Conducted between 2012 and 2013, the SDA aims to support the provincial government in transforming scarce resources into improved services, especially in light of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, which transferred more authority to the provinces.

The report outlines key findings, main challenges, and priority actions for improving service delivery across four subsectors: Rural Water Supply (RWS), Urban Water Supply (UWS), Rural Sanitation and Hygiene (RSH), and Urban Sanitation. It emphasizes the need for institutional reforms, better financial planning, and enhanced monitoring systems.

Main Points

Sector Overview: Coverage and Finance Trends

• Water Supply Coverage:
  • Rural water access reached 96% in 2013, exceeding the MDG target of 94%.
  • Urban water coverage is at 88%, with projections suggesting it may fall to 87% by 2015.
• Sanitation Coverage:
  • Rural sanitation coverage is at 40%, with a target of 54%.
  • Urban sanitation coverage is at 84%, with a target of 89%.
• Investment Gaps:
  • Annual CAPEX shortfall for RWS is US$130 million, and for UWS is US$215 million.
  • Annual CAPEX shortfall for RSH is US$159 million, and for Urban Sanitation is US$318 million.
  • Annual OPEX shortfall for water supply is US$86 million, and for sanitation is US$80 million.
  • Overall, the sector faces a US$1 billion annual investment gap.

Sector Challenges

• Institutional Fragmentation:
  • Lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities among agencies such as PHED, LG&CD, and WASAs.
  • Absence of an independent regulatory body.
• Poor Service Quality:
  • Aging infrastructure and networks require rehabilitation and expansion.
  • Limited operation and maintenance (O&M) capacity.
  • Poor water quality and wastewater treatment.
• Weak Monitoring and Evaluation:
  • No unified data sources or consistent definitions.
  • Limited capacity to generate reliable information.
• Financial Constraints:
  • Heavy reliance on subsidies.
  • Inadequate budget allocations for O&M and sanitation.
  • Misdirected investments in capital projects rather than sustainable operations.

Key Priority Actions

Institutional Framework

• Conduct a province-wide stakeholder analysis to map roles and responsibilities by December 2013.
• Develop a consensus-based institutional framework by December 2013, separating roles into:
  • Regulator
  • Water production and integrated water management
  • Water assets and O&M
• Pass the Punjab Municipal Water Act to establish a legal framework for regulation.
• Create a regulatory body by December 2013 with authority over:
  • Compliance with environmental regulations
  • Tariff setting
  • Service provider performance
  • Protection of customer interests
• Review and rationalize service cadres for strategic planning, engineering, financial management, and community development by FY 2014.

Financing and Implementation

• Advocate for increased provincial and federal investment in water and sanitation.
• Ensure annual tripling of subsector budgets starting from FY 2013.
• Encourage public-private partnerships (PPPs) through clear policies and marketing campaigns.
• Mandate WASAs, PHEDs, and TMAs to raise funds from markets and other sources.
• Strengthen financial information management with consolidated data collection and reporting.

Sector Monitoring and Evaluation

• Develop a Sector Management Information System (SMIS) by December 2013.
• Achieve definitional consistency across data sources like MICS, PSLMS, and DHS.
• Integrate SMIS with planning processes and ensure sustained funding.
• Conduct third-party audits and performance monitoring for oversight bodies and regulators.

Rural Water Supply

• Rehabilitate non-functioning schemes based on demand.
• Recognize Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) as legal entities capable of raising funds and accessing PHED support.
• Increase budgetary allocations for RWS to ensure continued coverage.
• Promote clear segregation of roles for policy, regulation, and service delivery.

Urban Water Supply

• Develop and approve an institutional reform plan for WASAs and TMAs by 2013.
• Introduce performance-based systems and tariff-setting autonomy.
• Ensure annual tripling of subsector budgets starting from FY 2013.
• Secure federal and donor support to cover CAPEX gaps and meet MDG targets.

Rural Sanitation and Hygiene

• Establish a Punjab ODF Task Force at all levels of government.
• Focus on safe human excreta disposal as a priority, allocating at least 30% of departmental budgets.
• Implement a Provincial Rural Sanitation Acceleration Roadmap with clear targets and subtargets for all local government tiers.

Urban Sanitation

• Ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations for sewerage treatment.
• Develop an institutional reform plan for WASAs and TMAs by 2013.
• Increase budget allocations to meet CAPEX and OPEX needs.
• Expand solid waste management systems in other urban centers using models from Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC).
• Conduct third-party reviews of LWMC and improve its coverage.

Conclusion

The SDA underscores the urgent need for institutional and financial reforms to improve service delivery in Punjab's water and sanitation sector. Despite progress in water supply, sanitation remains a neglected area with poor coverage and significant investment gaps. A coherent regulatory framework, better data systems, and increased funding are critical for achieving sustainable and equitable service delivery. The report provides a roadmap for the provincial government to scale up sanitation and hygiene services, aligning with national and global development goals.