ITIF-总统当选人拜登日程上的技术和创新政策（英文）-2020.11-22页_234kb

President-Elect Biden's Agenda on Technology and Innovation Policy Summary

Key Takeaways

• More Spending, More Regulation, More Multilateralism: The Biden administration is expected to increase public investment in R&D, broadband, and education, while also imposing stricter regulations on tech industries and adopting a more international approach.
• Focus on Social Goals: Innovation policy will likely emphasize social equity, including minority opportunity, regional development, and climate solutions, rather than solely on competitiveness and national security.
• Criticism of Current R&D Investment: The U.S. has fallen behind in R&D investment relative to historical levels and peer nations, with tax incentives ranking 24th globally.
• Potential Tax Increases: Biden supports raising corporate and high-income individual tax rates, while also imposing penalties on offshoring and increasing taxes on foreign corporate income.
• Stronger Antitrust Enforcement: The administration will likely pursue more aggressive antitrust actions against large tech companies, using broader criteria than the traditional consumer welfare standard.
• Digital Privacy and Security: Strong federal privacy regulations and cybersecurity improvements are expected, especially for critical infrastructure and data protection.
• Broadband Expansion: Universal broadband access is a priority, with increased funding for rural areas and support for municipal broadband initiatives.
• Immigration Reform: Biden supports increasing both high- and low-skill immigration but limits H1-B visas and focuses on improving access for minority and women-owned businesses.

Core Policy Areas

Innovation and R&D

• Federal R&D Funding: Calls for $300 billion in new investment over four years, focusing on breakthrough technologies like AI and quantum computing.
• Defense R&D: Likely to cut defense spending but increase R&D investment, including at DARPA.
• Tech Transfer: Supports scaling up the SBIR program and improving technology commercialization.
• Support for Start-Ups: Proposes a new $10 billion venture capital program for minority-owned companies and $3 billion for women-owned businesses.
• Regional Innovation: Plans to create a national network of innovation hubs, especially in low-income and minority communities.

Internet and Digital Economy

• Cybersecurity: Emphasizes improving smart grid resilience and protecting critical infrastructure.
• Data Privacy: Supports federal data privacy legislation and updates to the ECPA for digital content.
• Internet Governance: Advocates for an open internet and opposes digital silos, working with allies and international bodies.
• Online Platforms: Calls for stronger regulation of misinformation and hate speech, and possibly revoking Section 230 liability protections.
• E-Government: Aims to modernize federal services through digital technologies, including cloud computing and open data.

Broadband and Telecommunications

• Universal Broadband Access: Promises to expand broadband access to every American, with a focus on rural areas.
• Funding for Rural Broadband: Committed to investing $20 billion in rural broadband and tripling USDA grants.
• Net Neutrality: Likely to restore Title II regulations to enforce against blocking, throttling, and paid prioritization.
• Municipal Broadband: Supports public-private partnerships and opposes state-level restrictions on municipal broadband networks.

Education and Skills

• STEM Education: Plans to increase access to computer science courses and invest $5 billion in graduate programs in teaching and health care.
• Workforce Training: Supports $50 billion in workforce training, including community college partnerships and apprenticeships.
• Community Colleges: Proposes funding for free two-year training programs and improving student support services.
• Minority and Low-Income Support: Tripling Title I funding, making public colleges tuition-free for families with incomes below $125,000, and doubling Pell grants.
• HBCUs and Minority Institutions: Invests over $70 billion to improve affordability, infrastructure, and innovation at these institutions.

Taxes

• Corporate Tax Rate: Proposes increasing the corporate tax rate to 28%, with additional taxes on foreign profits.
• Offshoring Penalties: Imposes restrictions on deductions for moving production overseas.
• Made in America Tax Credit: Provides incentives for domestic manufacturing and job creation.
• R&D Tax Credit: Not likely to support increasing the R&D tax credit or repealing the end of research expensing.
• Tax Reforms: Includes raising the capital gains tax for high-income households, eliminating carried interest, and reducing tax expenditures for fossil fuels and real estate.

Regulation

• Antitrust Enforcement: Aggressively uses antitrust laws to challenge large tech companies and shift focus to broader social and economic impacts.
• Worker Classification: Proposes making worker misclassification a legal violation and increasing penalties.
• Regulatory Review: Supports the creation of an Office of Innovation Policy Review within the OMB to evaluate regulations for their impact on competitiveness.

Trade

• Multilateral Approach: Emphasizes working with allies on new trade agreements with stronger rules of origin and climate commitments.
• WTO Reforms: Likely to support strengthening the WTO to combat trade mercantilism.
• China Policy: Criticizes the Phase 1 U.S.-China deal and aims to address issues like cybertheft and state-owned enterprises through a more coherent strategy.
• Trade Enforcement: Committed to enforcing domestic trade laws and addressing unfair trade practices.

Conclusion

President-elect Biden's agenda on technology and innovation policy is characterized by a dual focus on increased public investment and enhanced regulation. The administration is expected to prioritize social equity, climate action, and domestic manufacturing, while also addressing international competition and digital governance. However, the potential for regulatory burdens to outweigh the benefits of increased investment remains a concern. The policy is likely to be coherent and comprehensive, with a strong emphasis on collaboration between government and industry, as well as protecting workers and consumers in the digital age.