2014年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2015___United_States_105页_1mb

Doing Business 2015: United States Summary

Core Content

Doing Business 2015 is a World Bank Group flagship report that evaluates the ease of doing business across 189 economies, focusing on regulations affecting small to medium-sized businesses. It measures 11 key areas in the business life cycle, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. The report provides aggregate rankings and distance to frontier (DTF) scores, which indicate how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices globally.

Main Changes in Doing Business 2015

1. New Ranking Methodology: Rankings are now based on DTF scores, which measure the absolute distance from the best performance in each indicator.
2. Additional Data for Large Economies: For 11 economies with populations over 100 million (including the United States), data for a second city were added.
3. Updated Getting Credit Indicators:
   • The strength of legal rights index and depth of credit information index were expanded from 10 to 12 points and from 6 to 8 points, respectively.
   • Credit bureaus and registries must cover at least 5% of the adult population to receive a score.
4. Renamed and Expanded Indicators:
   • The "Protecting Investors" indicator was renamed to "Protecting Minority Investors" and expanded to include shareholders' rights in corporate governance.
   • The resolving insolvency indicator now includes an index measuring the strength of the legal framework for insolvency.
5. Updated Paying Taxes Calculation: The total tax rate component is now calculated in a nonlinear fashion.
6. Labor Market Regulation: The indicator set was renamed from "Employing Workers" to "Labor Market Regulation", now focusing on the retail sector and including regulations on labor disputes and worker benefits.
7. Methodology Notes: The report includes detailed chapters on changes in methodology, data notes, and distance to frontier metric.

Key Indicators for the United States

Ease of Doing Business Ranking (2015)

• DB2015 Rank: 7
• DB2014 Rank: 7* (adjusted for methodology changes)
• Change in Rank: 0
• DTF Score (2015): 82
• DTF Score (2014): 82
• Change in DTF: 0

Business Life Cycle Indicators

| Dealing with Construction Permits | 41 | 43 | - | - | Hong Kong SAR, China (1) |
| DTF Score | 78.87 | 78.75 | 80.10 | 77.04 | Hong Kong SAR, China (95.53) |
| Procedures | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.0 | 17.0 | Hong Kong SAR, China (5.0) |
| Time (days) | 78.6 | 78.6 | 89.0 | 63.0 | Singapore (26.0) |
| Cost (% of warehouse value) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.0 | Qatar (0.0)* |

| Getting Electricity | 61 | 58 | - | - | Korea, Rep. (1) |
| DTF Score | 79.52 | 79.51 | 88.30 | 66.35 | Korea, Rep. (99.83) |
| Procedures | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 12 Economies (3.0)* |
| Time (days) | 89.6 | 89.6 | 60.0 | 134.0 | Korea, Rep. (18.0)* |
| Cost (% of income per capita) | 25.5 | 27.2 | 14.6 | 41.9 | Japan (0.0) |

| Registering Property | 29 | 30 | - | - | Georgia (1) |
| DTF Score | 82.92 | 82.85 | 82.34 | 83.79 | Georgia (99.88) |
| Procedures | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4 Economies (1.0)* |
| Time (days) | 15.2 | 15.2 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 3 Economies (1.0)* |
| Cost (% of property value) | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 4 Economies (0.0)* |

| Getting Credit | 2 | 1 | - | - | New Zealand (1) |
| DTF Score | 95.00 | 95.00 | 95.00 | 95.00 | New Zealand (100) |
| Strength of Legal Rights Index (0–12) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 3 Economies (12)* |
| Depth of Credit Information Index (0–8) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 23 Economies (8)* |
| Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 23 Economies (100.0)* |
| Credit Registry Coverage (% of adults) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Portugal (100.0) |

| Protecting Minority Investors | 25 | 21 | - | - | New Zealand (1) |
| DTF Score | 65.83 | 65.83 | 65.83 | 65.83 | New Zealand (81.67) |
| Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index (0–10) | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | Singapore (9.3)* |
| Extent of Shareholder Governance Index (0–10) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | France (7.8)* |
| Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index (0–10) | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | New Zealand (8.2) |

| Paying Taxes | 47 | 44 | - | - | United Arab Emirates (1)* |
| DTF Score | 80.84 | 80.85 | 79.65 | 82.62 | United Arab Emirates (99.44)* |
| Payments (number per year) | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 10.0 | Hong Kong SAR, China (3.0)* |
| Time (hours per year) | 175.0 | 175.0 | 175.0 | 175.0 | Luxembourg (55.0) |

| Trading Across Borders | 16 | 15 | - | - | Singapore (1) |
| DTF Score | 88.25 | 88.34 | 88.40 | 88.01 | Singapore (96.47) |
| Documents to Export | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Ireland (2)* |
| Time to Export (days) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5 Economies (6.0)* |
| Cost to Export (US$ per container) | 1,224.0 | 1,164.0 | 1,190.0 | 1,275.0 | Timor-Leste (410.0) |
| Cost to Export (deflated) | 1,224.0 | 1,181.6 | 1,190.0 | 1,275.0 | - |
| Documents to Import | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Ireland (2)* |
| Time to Import (days) | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 6.0 | Singapore (4.0) |
| Cost to Import (US$ per container) | 1,289.0 | 1,289.0 | 1,315.0 | 1,250.0 | Singapore (440.0) |
| Cost to Import (deflated) | 1,289.0 | 1,308.5 | 1,315.0 | 1,250.0 | - |

| Enforcing Contracts | 41 | 41 | - | - | Singapore (1) |
| DTF Score | 67.26 | 67.26 | 73.16 | 58.42 | Singapore (89.54) |
| Time (days) | 420.0 | 420.0 | 370.0 | 495.0 | Singapore (150.0) |
| Cost (% of claim) | 30.5 | 30.5 | 22.9 | 42.0 | Iceland (9.0) |
| Procedures | 33.6 | 33.6 | 32.0 | 36.0 | Singapore (21.0)* |

| Resolving Insolvency | 4 | 4 | - | - | Finland (1) |
| DTF Score | 90.12 | 90.12 | 90.74 | 89.20 | Finland (93.85) |
| Time (years) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | Ireland (0.4) |
| Cost (% of estate) | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 10.0 | Norway (1.0) |
| Outcome | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar) | 80.4 | 80.4 | 81.5 | 78.6 | Japan (92.9) |
| Strength of Insolvency Framework Index (0–16) | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 5 Economies (15.0)* |

Key Insights

• The United States holds a high rank (7th) in the ease of doing business and has a DTF score of 82, indicating it is close to the best practices.
• The cost to export is relatively high compared to some comparator economies, such as Singapore and Timor-Leste, but remains stable between 2014 and 2015.
• Getting credit remains a strong area for the United States, with a DTF score of 95 and a rank of 2, indicating a robust legal framework and credit information system.
• Paying taxes ranks 47th, with a DTF score of 80.84, suggesting room for improvement in reducing the number of tax payments and time spent on them.
• Trading across borders ranks 16th, with a DTF score of 88.25, indicating a generally efficient process, though there is room for improvement.
• Resolving insolvency ranks 4th, with a DTF score of 90.12, indicating a strong legal framework for insolvency.

Conclusion

The United States maintains a high ranking in the ease of doing business and performs well across most indicators, particularly in getting credit and resolving insolvency. However, there are still areas where improvements can be made, such as paying taxes and trading across borders, to further enhance its business environment. The distance to frontier score indicates that the U.S. is close to the best practices in most areas, but not yet at the global frontier. The report highlights the importance of comparative analysis and policy reforms to continue improving the regulatory environment for businesses.