2019年可持续发展目标报告（英文版）_64页_16mb

Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 Summary

Core Content

The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 is a comprehensive assessment of global progress toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It outlines the achievements made and the persistent challenges that require urgent action to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The report emphasizes the need for integrated, inclusive, and data-driven approaches to address global issues such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation.

Main Points

Progress Made

• Extreme poverty has declined significantly since 2015.
• The under-5 mortality rate fell by 49% between 2000 and 2017.
• Immunizations have saved millions of lives.
• Electricity access has improved for the majority of the world's population.
• Marine protected areas have doubled since 2010.
• 186 parties have ratified the Paris Agreement, and most have submitted their first nationally determined contributions.
• 150 countries have developed national policies to address rapid urbanization.
• 71 countries and the EU have more than 300 policies and instruments for sustainable consumption and production.

Challenges and Urgent Needs

• Climate change is progressing faster than expected, with global temperatures rising by about 1°C above pre-industrial levels in 2018.
• Greenhouse gas emissions remain at record highs, risking global warming of 1.5°C by the coming decades.
• Global hunger is on the rise, with 821 million people undernourished in 2017.
• Health disparities persist, with over 50% of children under 5 not meeting nutritional standards.
• Inequality continues to be a major issue, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the brunt of disaster-related deaths and youth unemployment being three times higher than adult unemployment.
• Gender inequality remains prevalent, with 28% of people with severe disabilities receiving cash benefits and women performing a disproportionate share of unpaid domestic work.

Interlinkages and Synergies

• Solutions to global challenges are interlinked, such as the need to shift to clean energy to address climate change.
• Sustainable agriculture can help reduce both hunger and poverty.
• Access to safe water and sanitation can save millions of lives and improve school attendance.
• Improving education for 200 million children in sub-Saharan Africa can help reduce poverty and enhance global competitiveness.

Data and Investment

• Data collection remains a challenge, with most countries not regularly collecting data for more than half of the global SDG indicators.
• The Dubai Declaration outlines a demand-driven funding mechanism to improve data availability.
• Global investment in research and development has increased significantly, but investment in fossil fuels still exceeds that in climate activities.

Key Information

Goal 1: No Poverty

• 736 million people lived in extreme poverty in 2015, with 413 million in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• 90% of disaster-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
• 150 countries have developed national urban plans.

Goal 2: Zero Hunger

• 821 million people were undernourished in 2017, up from 784 million in 2015.
• Two-thirds of undernourished people live in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.
• 22% of children under 5 are stunted, and 7.3% are affected by wasting.

Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being

• Under-5 deaths dropped from 9.8 million in 2000 to 5.4 million in 2017.
• Measles deaths fell by 80% due to vaccinations.
• Tuberculosis incidence declined by 21% between 2000 and 2017, but 10 million people still developed the disease in 2017.
• Malaria cases increased in the 10 highest-burden African countries in 2017.

Goal 4: Quality Education

• 617 million children and adolescents lack minimum proficiency in reading and mathematics.
• 750 million adults are still illiterate, with two-thirds being women.
• More than half of urban residents lack convenient access to public transport.
• 9 out of 10 urban residents breathe polluted air.

Goal 5: Gender Equality

• 18% of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15-49 experienced physical and sexual partner violence.
• 24% of national parliamentarians are women, up from 19% in 2010.
• 30% of women aged 20-24 were married before age 18.
• At least 200 million girls and women have been subjected to female genital mutilation.

Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

• 785 million people lack access to basic drinking water.
• 273 million people lack basic sanitation.
• 673 million people still practice open defecation.
• 2 out of 5 people lack access to basic handwashing facilities.

Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

• 9 out of 10 people have access to electricity.
• 87% of the 840 million without electricity live in rural areas.
• Renewable energy accounts for 45% of global final energy consumption.
• 3 billion people lack clean cooking fuels and technology.

Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

• Global unemployment is 5% (2018), with one-fifth of young people not in education, employment, or training.
• Real GDP growth in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) was 4.8% annually, below the 7% SDG target.
• Median hourly pay for men is 12% higher than for women.

Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

• Industrialization in LDCs is too slow to meet the 2030 Agenda.
• Manufacturing value added per capita in Sub-Saharan Africa is much lower than in Europe and Northern America.
• Global investment in R&D increased to $2 trillion in 2016 from $739 billion in 2000.
• 66% of products exported from LDCs receive duty-free treatment.

Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities

• Inequality is a defining issue, with 90% of maternal deaths in low- and middle-income countries.
• Three-quarters of stunted children live in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
• People in fragile states are twice as likely to lack basic sanitation and four times as likely to lack basic drinking water.

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

• 2 billion people lack access to waste collection services.
• 23.7% of urban residents live in slum-like conditions.
• Only 53% of urban residents have convenient access to public transport.
• 150 countries have developed national urban plans.

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

• Global material footprint has increased rapidly, outpacing population and economic growth.
• Material footprint per capita in high-income countries is 60% higher than in upper-middle-income countries.
• Material footprint in low-income countries is 13 times lower.
• 303 policies and instruments are in place globally to promote sustainable consumption and production.

Goal 13: Climate Action

• Global mean temperature in 2018 was 1°C above pre-industrial levels.
• Climate-related and geophysical disasters claimed 1.3 million lives between 1998 and 2017.
• Atmospheric CO₂ concentration is 146% of pre-industrial levels.
• To limit warming to 1.5°C, global carbon emissions need to fall to 55% of 2010 levels by 2030 and reach zero net emissions by 2050.

Goal 14: Life Below Water

• Ocean acidification has increased by 26% since pre-industrial times and is expected to rise by 100-150% by 2100.
• 87% of fish stocks are now within biologically sustainable levels, down from 90% in 1974.
• 104 out of 220 coastal regions improved coastal water quality between 2012 and 2018.
• 17% of waters under national jurisdiction are covered by protected areas, up from 2010 levels.

Goal 15: Life on Land

• Land degradation affects one-fifth of Earth's land area and impacts 1 billion people.
• Biodiversity loss is happening at an accelerated rate.
• The risk of species extinction has worsened by 10% over the last 25 years.

Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

• Multilateral action is more important than ever.
• The United Nations is working to strengthen international cooperation and crisis prevention.

Goal 17: Partnership for the Goals

• A wide range of actors are engaging with the SDGs, including international organizations, businesses, local authorities, scientific communities, and civil society.
• The Dubai Declaration outlines a demand-driven funding mechanism for data collection.

Conclusion

The report calls for urgent, collective action to address the challenges outlined, emphasizing the need for data investment, multilateral cooperation, and holistic approaches to achieve the SDGs. It underscores the importance of interlinkages between goals and highlights the role of science, technology, and innovation in driving progress. The SDG Summit and other UN meetings in 2019 are seen as critical opportunities to realign global efforts and kick-start the decade of delivery.