2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Spain_114页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Spain Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the ease of doing business in Spain by analyzing regulations across 11 key areas in the business life cycle. It provides both a ranking and a distance to frontier (DTF) score, which measures how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices globally. Spain is ranked 32nd in the ease of doing business ranking and has a DTF score of 75.73 in 2017, showing a small improvement from 75.02 in 2016.

Main Indicators and Key Findings

Starting a Business

• Rank: 85 (2017), up from 79 (2016)
• DTF Score: 86.61 (2017), up from 86.30 (2016)
• Procedures (Men/Women): 7 (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time (Men/Women): 13 days (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost (Men/Women): 5.0% of income per capita (2017), up from 5.2% (2016)

Spain has a relatively efficient process for starting a business, with no significant changes in procedures or time from 2016. The cost has slightly decreased, showing progress in reducing the financial burden on entrepreneurs.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank: 113 (2017), up from 111 (2016)
• DTF Score: 65.95 (2017), up from 65.89 (2016)
• Procedures: 13 (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time: 205 days (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost: 5.2% of warehouse value (2017), same as 2016

Spain has a high number of procedures and a long time to obtain construction permits, which are among the worst in the OECD. The cost remains relatively high, though it is lower than some comparator economies.

Getting Electricity

• Rank: 78 (2017), up from 71 (2016)
• DTF Score: 72.99 (2017), up from 72.96 (2016)
• Procedures: 7 (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time: 107 days (2017), same as 2016
• Cost: 216.1% of income per capita (2017), down from 225.2% (2016)

Spain has a moderate number of procedures and time to get electricity, but the cost remains high. It is significantly behind some comparator economies, such as South Korea, which has the lowest cost.

Registering Property

• Rank: 50 (2017), same as 2016
• DTF Score: 73.88 (2017), same as 2016
• Procedures: 5 (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time: 12.5 days (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost: 6.1% of property value (2017), same as 2016
• Land Administration Index: 22.5 (2017), same as 2016

Spain's process for registering property is relatively efficient, with few procedures and a short time. The cost is moderate, but it still lags behind countries like Saudi Arabia and Singapore, which have the lowest costs.

Getting Credit

• Rank: 62 (2017), up from 60 (2016)
• DTF Score: 60.00 (2017), same as 2016
• Legal Rights Index: 5.0 (2017), same as 2016
• Credit Information Index: 7.0 (2017), same as 2016
• Credit Bureau Coverage: 17.9% of adults (2017), up from 14.1% (2016)

Spain's credit access is somewhat improved, with a better rank and stable DTF score. However, the coverage of credit bureaus remains low, which may limit access to credit for a significant portion of the population.

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank: 32 (2017), up from 30 (2016)
• DTF Score: 65.00 (2017), same as 2016
• Minority Investor Protection Index: 6.5 (2017), same as 2016
• Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 5.7 (2017), same as 2016
• Shareholder Governance Index: 7.3 (2017), same as 2016

Spain has a moderate score in protecting minority investors. The index has remained consistent, indicating no major changes in the regulatory environment for minority investors.

Paying Taxes

• Rank: 37 (2017), down from 45 (2016)
• DTF Score: 83.8 (2017), up from 82.74 (2016)
• Number of Payments: 8 (2017), down from 9 (2016)
• Time (hours/year): 152 (2017), down from 158 (2016)
• Total Tax Rate: 49.0% of profit (2017), down from 50.0% (2016)
• Postfiling Index: 92.6 (2017), same as 2016

Spain's ranking in paying taxes has dropped, but the DTF score has improved. The number of payments and time have decreased, and the total tax rate has also decreased, indicating a more favorable tax environment.

Trading Across Borders

• Rank: 1 (2017), same as 2016
• DTF Score: 100.00 (2017), same as 2016
• Time to Export (Border Compliance): 0 hours (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost to Export (Border Compliance): 0 USD (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time to Export (Documentary Compliance): 1 hour (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost to Export (Documentary Compliance): 0 USD (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time to Import (Border Compliance): 0 hours (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost to Import (Border Compliance): 0 USD (both 2017 and 2016)
• Time to Import (Documentary Compliance): 1 hour (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost to Import (Documentary Compliance): 0 USD (both 2017 and 2016)

Spain has the best performance in trading across borders, with no procedures or costs for both export and import. This highlights the country's strong trade facilitation policies.

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank: 29 (2017), up from 36 (2016)
• DTF Score: 69.48 (2017), up from 67.63 (2016)
• Time (days): 510 (2017), same as 2016
• Cost (% of claim): 18.5% (2017), same as 2016
• Judicial Processes Index: 11.0 (2017), up from 10.0 (2016)

Spain has improved its rank and DTF score for enforcing contracts. The time remains long, but the judicial processes index has improved, indicating better quality of legal processes.

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank: 18 (2017), up from 25 (2016)
• DTF Score: 79.62 (2017), up from 75.83 (2016)
• Recovery Rate: 78.3 cents on the dollar (2017), up from 71.2 (2016)
• Time (years): 1.5 (both 2017 and 2016)
• Cost (% of estate): 11.0% (2017), same as 2016
• Insolvency Framework Index: 12.0 (2017), same as 2016

Spain has made significant improvements in resolving insolvency, with a better rank and DTF score. The recovery rate has also increased, showing improved efficiency in the insolvency process.

Key Methodological Changes

• Paying Taxes: Includes postfiling processes (refunds, audits, appeals).
• Gender Dimension: Added to four indicators: starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
• New Pilot Indicator: Selling to the government.
• Somalia Inclusion: First time included, bringing the total number of economies to 190.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report highlights Spain's position in the global business environment, showing that while it has made some progress in certain areas (e.g., paying taxes, resolving insolvency), it still faces significant challenges in others (e.g., construction permits, getting electricity). The inclusion of gender dimensions and new indicators enhances the understanding of business regulations and their impact on different groups. Spain's performance in trading across borders is exceptional, indicating strong trade facilitation policies. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of regulatory reforms and their implications for the business environment.