2013年-ECB欧洲央行_Preparatory_Work_for_Banking_Supervision_at_the_ECB_5页_1mb

Summary of ECB's Preparatory Work for Banking Supervision (SSM)

Core Content

The European Central Bank (ECB) is preparing to assume banking supervision responsibilities under the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), which will take effect on 4 November 2014. This new mechanism aims to ensure the safety and soundness of the European banking system and enhance financial stability across the euro area. The ECB will directly supervise "significant" credit institutions, while national competent authorities (NCAs) will supervise the rest, under the ECB's overall oversight.

Main Themes of Preparatory Work

The preparatory work is organized around five main themes, reflecting the structure and focus of the efforts leading up to the SSM's implementation:

1. Mapping the Euro Area Banking System

• A comprehensive catalog of all supervised entities in the euro area has been created.
• The system includes credit institutions, financial holding companies, and branches of non-participating Member States.
• The identification of "significant" institutions is based on three criteria:
  • Total assets exceeding €30 billion.
  • Ratio of total assets to GDP exceeding 20%, unless below €5 billion.
  • Being among the three most significant in a participating Member State.
• Institutions receiving public financial assistance from the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) or European Stability Mechanism (ESM) are automatically considered significant.

2. Supervisory Legal Issues

• Legal acts and frameworks are being developed to support the SSMR implementation.
• A Framework Regulation is being drafted to outline cooperation between the ECB and NCAs.
• The regulation includes criteria for determining significance, supervisory procedures, and operational arrangements.
• It also addresses the decision-making regime, language, and cooperation rules for participating Member States.

3. Supervisory Model Development

• A supervisory model has been proposed, including the use of Joint Supervisory Teams (JSTs).
• JSTs consist of ECB and NCA staff and are responsible for annual supervisory programs and risk assessments.
• The Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) includes risk assessment system (RAS) and capital/liquidity buffer quantification.
• The ECB will also develop early intervention tools and crisis management frameworks.

4. Supervisory Data Reporting

• A reporting framework is being designed to support the centralized RAS.
• Data is categorized based on bank risk profiles to allow flexibility.
• Core data modules are based on the European Banking Authority's templates, providing standardized information on solvency and financial status.
• Additional modules include granular credit data, ad hoc collections, national reporting requirements, and public disclosure data.
• Data collection exercises continue to inform the development of this framework.

5. Comprehensive Assessment

• The ECB and NCAs will conduct a comprehensive assessment before assuming SSM responsibilities.
• The assessment consists of three pillars:
  • Supervisory Risk Assessment: Analyzing liquidity, leverage, and funding risks.
  • Asset Quality Review (AQR): Examining bank assets as of 31 December 2013, including non-performing loans, corporate and retail exposures, and more.
  • Stress Test: Providing a forward-looking view of banks' ability to withstand financial shocks.
• The AQR is planned in three phases: portfolio selection, execution, and reporting.
• The ECB has established a strong central governance structure and is supported by an independent expert firm for the AQR.

Key Information

• Effective Date: The ECB will assume its new supervisory tasks on 4 November 2014.
• Scope of Supervision: Around 130 banks will be directly supervised, representing approximately 85% of total banking assets in the euro area.
• Governance Structure: A Supervisory Board will oversee the ECB's supervisory tasks, composed of ECB representatives and NCA members.
• Legal Basis: The SSMR, Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013, and other legal acts are guiding the preparations.
• Supporting Bodies: The High-Level Group on Supervision and the Task Force on Supervision coordinate the preparatory work.
• Data and Reporting: The ECB is developing a flexible and harmonized reporting framework, including core, statistical, and specialized data modules.
• Collaboration: Close cooperation with NCAs is essential for the implementation of the SSM, especially in ensuring consistent and high-quality supervision across the euro area.

Conclusion

The ECB has made significant progress in preparing for the SSM, focusing on mapping the banking system, legal frameworks, supervisory models, data reporting, and comprehensive assessments. These efforts are crucial for ensuring the SSM operates effectively and consistently, promoting financial stability across the euro area.