2022-02-09-世界卫生组织-Launch_Inequality_monitoring_sexual,_reproductive,_maternal,_newborn,_child_and_adolescent_health_42页_5mb

SRMNCAH Inequality Monitoring Manual Summary

Key Themes

• The document discusses a step-by-step manual for monitoring inequalities in sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (SRMNCAH), released by WHO. It emphasizes the importance of addressing health inequities through regular monitoring for equitable programming.
• Health inequality is defined as measurable differences in health outcomes between population subgroups, used to assess health equity. This includes factors like residence, education, wealth, gender, and more.
• Global monitoring relies on tools like HEAT, GHO Health Equity Monitor, DHS Program, and Countdown to 2030, providing data on coverage, outcomes, and disparities in areas such as childbirth care, childhood treatment for pneumonia and diarrhea, and contraceptive use.
• Examples of inequalities highlight issues like higher risks among adolescents, poor women, and marginalized groups, with data showing patterns based on wealth, education, and residence in multiple countries.
• However, significant data gaps exist for dimensions not well-covered, such as race, sexual orientation, age-specific data for youth, and pandemic impacts, limiting comprehensive analysis.
• The manual fills this void by offering practical, user-friendly guidance for monitoring, targeting frontline health workers, evaluators, and planners, with a companion workbook for application exercises.
• Development involved collaboration between WHO departments (Data and Analytics, Maternal Health, Sexual Reproductive Health) and external experts, based on existing resources like inequality monitoring training and immunization manuals.
• A cycle of inequality monitoring actions includes deciding on population, identifying indicators, sourcing data, preparing disaggregated data, reporting, and taking action for equitable improvements.
• WHO resources, such as the Handbook on Global Reports and Health Equity Monitor, support this effort, aimed at improving health outcomes through fairer access and use of services in all regions.

Conclusions

Despite data gaps, substantial information on SRMNCAH inequalities exists. The manual promotes equitable health programming by providing tools for widespread use, addressing root causes like gender-based violence and policy restrictions, and encouraging intersectoral collaboration to achieve universal health and well-being.