2013年-CEPS欧洲政策研究中心_Influence_of_the_Common_Agricultural_Policy_and_Heterogeneous_Land_Quality_on_Land_Rent_and_Land_Allocation_13页_460kb

报告摘要

Summary of the Document

Core Content

This document investigates the influence of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and heterogeneous land quality on land rent and land allocation in the EU. It employs a Ricardian land rent model with multiple land uses and different policy instruments to analyze how government support measures affect land markets.

The study focuses on three main types of support measures:

Price support (output subsidies)
Area payments (land-based subsidies)
Decoupled single farm payments (SFPs)

It also considers the regional model, historical model, and hybrid model of SFPs, which are used by EU member states to calculate entitlement values.

Main Viewpoints

Government support significantly affects land rents and land allocation.
Area payments and SFPs are fully capitalised into land rents, meaning that each additional euro of support increases land rents proportionally.
Price support has a conditional capitalisation effect, where the impact on land rent depends on per-acre productivity.
Land quality plays a crucial role in the capitalisation of subsidies under the price support and historical model of SFPs, but not under the regional model.
Land allocation is affected by price support and area payments, but not by SFPs.
Area payments lead to a larger shift in land allocation compared to price support.
SFPs in the regional model result in parallel shifts in land use, whereas SFPs in the historical model lead to steeper curves due to higher subsidisation of high-quality land.

Key Information

Policy Instruments

Price support: Subsidies based on output price, leading to conditional capitalisation of support into land rent.
Area payments: Subsidies based on land area, leading to full capitalisation into land rent.
Decoupled single farm payments (SFPs): Payments independent of production, with capitalisation depending on the model used (regional, historical, or hybrid).

Land Quality

Land quality is represented by a scalar $ j $, where $ 0 \leq j \leq 1 $, with higher $ j $ indicating better land.
Land quality affects capitalisation of subsidies under price support and historical model SFPs, but not under regional model SFPs.

Land Allocation

Farmers face multiple land uses and must allocate land based on profit maximisation.
An outside option is introduced, representing a non-agricultural use of land with constant per-acre rent.
The outside option helps in analyzing how CAP policies influence the choice of land use.

Models Used

Ricardian land rent model: Assumes a Cobb-Douglas production function between land and non-land inputs.
Regional model: Payments are based on regional averages, leading to equal entitlement values within a region.
Historical model: Payments are based on individual farmer's historical payments, leading to variation in entitlement values.
Hybrid model: A combination of regional and historical models, with some countries using a dynamic transition to the regional model.

Conclusion

The study concludes that:

Area payments and SFPs lead to full capitalisation of subsidies into land rents.
Price support leads to conditional capitalisation, influenced by land quality and productivity.
Land allocation is affected by price support and area payments, but not by SFPs.
Area payments cause a larger shift in land use compared to price support.
SFPs in the regional model do not influence land allocation, while those in the historical model do so with a steep curve, indicating disproportionate subsidisation of high-quality land.