NLC-通往安全和公平城市的道路（英）-2021.10-17页_11mb

Summary of "A Path Toward Safe and Equitable Cities" - NLC Reimagining Public Safety Task Force

Core Content

The National League of Cities (NLC) Reimagining Public Safety Task Force was formed in response to the national outcry for justice following the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Elijah McClain, and others. The report outlines a comprehensive set of recommendations aimed at redefining public safety to be more inclusive, equitable, and community-centered. It emphasizes the need to move beyond traditional law enforcement models and integrate public health, community engagement, and systemic reform into the approach to safety.

Main Recommendations

The Task Force recommends that city leaders focus on five key areas to transform public safety systems:

1. Direct municipal government leadership toward providing safety and well-being for all

• Public safety should be redefined to include public health and well-being.
• Cities should align policies with a broader definition of safety that addresses root causes such as income inequality, racism, and classism.
• Indicators for measuring progress should expand beyond arrest rates and jail populations to include housing conditions, economic mobility, and racial equity outcomes.

2. Balance the respective roles of government agencies, residents, and partners

• City leaders must center resident engagement, especially in Black, Latinx, and Indigenous communities.
• Government agencies should redefine their roles, reducing the sole reliance on police for safety.
• Collaboration with community-based partners and transparency in resource allocation are essential.

3. Significantly expand the use of civilian-led and community-based well-being and prevention-focused strategies

• Expand civilian response mechanisms for emergency and crisis calls.
• Reduce reliance on armed, uniformed response.
• Implement community-based strategies for violence prevention, intervention, and reduction.
• Use trauma-informed practices, credible messengers, and restorative justice as alternatives to traditional conflict resolution.

4. Embrace full and transparent oversight and accountability for law enforcement

• Update structures for setting, publicizing, and evaluating public safety progress.
• Reform investigative, standard-setting, and disciplinary processes.
• Work with labor unions to align contracts with accountability and public safety goals.

5. Seek guidance and support from peers and experts with the assistance of NLC

• NLC and its partners (such as the Vera Institute of Justice and the Urban Institute) provide support and resources for city leaders.
• Peer collaboration and knowledge-sharing are crucial for developing and implementing equitable safety systems.

Key Information

• The report was created after a series of meetings and listening sessions involving city leaders, experts, and community members.
• The Task Force was led by Mayors Ras J. Baraka (Newark, NJ) and David Holt (Oklahoma City, OK), with support from numerous local and national partners.
• The report highlights the need for a holistic approach to public safety that includes mental health, economic opportunity, and community well-being.
• A supplemental NLC Reimagining Public Safety Toolkit will be released in November 2021 to assist with implementation.

City Spotlights

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

• In response to protests in 2020, Mayor David Holt created the Oklahoma City Law Enforcement Policy Task Force.
• The Task Force issued 32 recommendations to improve policing, including changes to de-escalation policies and the creation of a community safety/violence interruption program.
• The final report is expected in 2022.

Newark, New Jersey

• Mayor Ras J. Baraka has been working to reimagine public safety since 2014.
• The city has implemented a federal consent decree to increase accountability and reduce the negative impacts on Black communities.
• Key changes include a more diverse police force, reduced police size while maintaining safety, and the creation of an Office of Violence Prevention and Trauma Recovery.

Appendix: Select Resources

• General Public Safety/Justice Reform:

  • NLC - Reimagining Policing
  • John Jay College of Criminal Justice - The Future of Public Safety
  • Urban Institute - Community Public Safety Investment
  • Cities United - Reimagining Public Safety: Moving to Safe, Healthy and Hopeful Communities

• Jails/Jail Reduction:

  • NLC - Jail Reduction Strategies
  • NLC/Policy Research Institute - Engaging Peers in Jail Reduction Strategies
  • NLC - Reducing the Use of Jails: Roles for City Leaders
  • NLC - Triage Centers: Alternatives to Jail
  • Pew Charitable Trusts - Local Spending on Jails Report

• Differential/Alternative Response:

  • NLC/Policy Research, Inc. Models
  • NLC/Arnold Ventures - Emergency Response & Crisis Stabilization
  • Center for American Progress - The Community Responder Model

• Violence Prevention/Reduction:

  • Center for American Progress - Investing in Offices of Neighborhood Safety
  • Cure Violence Global - Impact and Evidence

• Policing/Public Safety Budgets:

  • Vera Institute of Justice - What Policing Costs in America
  • Brennan Center for Justice - Hidden in Plain Sight
  • Coalition for Juvenile Justice - Reducing the Over-policing of Youth of Color
  • Urban Institute - Criminal Justice Expenditures

Timeline & Meetings

• December 2020 - January 2021: Recruitment of Task Force Chairs and Members.
• Topical Listening Sessions:
  • February 22, 2021: City Leadership in Transforming Responses to Calls for Service and Violence
  • April 27, 2021: Public Safety Culture: Increasing Accountability
  • May 6, 2021: Public Safety Budgeting
  • June 29, 2021: Young Adult Justice
  • July 29, 2021: Uplifting the Role of Credible Messengers
• Full Task Force Meetings: January 27, March 31, and May 18, 2021.

Acknowledgements

• The Task Force was supported by NLC staff members including Andrew Moore, Kirby Gaherty, James Brooks, Yucel Ors, Stacy Richardson, Haruka Braun, and Tony McCright.
• Partner organizations such as the Urban Institute, Cities United, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and Vera Institute of Justice contributed significantly to the Task Force's work.