2006年-世界发展银行全球_Improving_Local_Governance_in_Angola___Strengthening_the_Links_between_Decentralization_and_Community_Driven_Development_-_Case_Studies_40页_422kb

Summary of Improving Local Governance in Angola: Strengthening the Links between Decentralization and Community Driven Development

Core Content

This document is a case study analysis of local governance in Angola, focusing on the second phase of a broader study that includes the Philippines and Zambia. It evaluates how current programs are addressing structural constraints and opportunities identified in the first phase, aiming to strengthen the links between decentralization and community driven development (CDD).

Main Objectives

• To assess how programs in Luanda and Huambo are dealing with the challenges and opportunities of local governance.
• To provide recommendations for improving the policy and institutional environment for local governance.
• To support the Angola Social Fund (FAS) in its efforts to promote co-productive relationships between local governance and civil society.

Methodology

• The study selected two provinces, Luanda and Huambo, based on criteria including inclusion of both rural and urban municipalities, and the presence of FAS projects.
• In Luanda, the case studies focused on Kilamba Kixi (CARE program), Cazenga (SCUK program), Viana (FAS program), and Sambizanga (DW program).
• In Huambo, the case studies included Caala (FAS program), Tchicala Tcholoanga (SCUK program), Ekunha (Instituto Marques de Vale Flor), and Londuimbale (control case).
• The methodology involved identifying key stakeholders and conducting semi-structured interviews based on issues raised in Phase I.

Key Findings from Phase I

Opportunities for Government

• The Government of Angola (GoA) is planning to approve decentralization legislation soon.
• The draft Constitution allows for local governance based on three pillars: elected authorities, civil society, and traditional authorities.
• There is a growing trend towards transparency and accountability mechanisms at the national level.
• The Fourth Committee of the National Assembly is mandated to analyze local governance issues.

Constraints for Government

• Fiscal decentralization is at a low level, with no established legal framework for managing funds at the municipal level.
• Capacity gaps exist in terms of staffing and education.
• Frequent changes in municipal administrators disrupt continuity.
• Poor coordination between agencies working on local governance.
• Low representation of women in government and municipal structures.
• Limited experience in public accountability and local development policy.

Opportunities for Civil Society

• Legislation governing NGOs and CBOs is expected to be revised, offering potential for a more enabling environment.
• Civil society is increasingly recognized as a key partner in planning and monitoring.
• FONGA or similar platforms could be used to analyze the role of civil society in a broader context.
• Civil society is recognized as one of the three pillars of local governance in the draft constitution.

Constraints for Civil Society

• Funding for NGOs and CBOs is short-term and fragmented.
• Limited legal capacity for CBOs compared to NGOs.
• Lack of a legal and policy framework for CBOs.
• Gender imbalance in civil society organizations.
• Insufficient legal support for formal registration and fund management.

Case Study: Luanda

Context

• Luanda is the most urbanized province, housing 25% of the national population (approx. 3.5 million).
• Informal settlements are widespread, with significant challenges in basic service provision.
• Municipal administrations face limited authority due to the de facto reporting to provincial governments.

Programs

• CARE - Kilamba Kixi:
  • Established the Kilamba Kixi Municipal Development Forum (FDKK) in 2001, aimed at community-driven planning.
  • Created Area Development Organizations (ODAs) to represent communities and promote inclusion.
  • Launched the Municipal Development Fund (FDM) in 2004 to support local projects.
• FDKK Characteristics:
  • Has a formal structure with elected leadership, written procedures, and standing committees.
  • Includes representation from municipal and commune administrations, NGOs, religious leaders, and residents.
  • Initially faced resistance from the municipal administrator but gained legitimacy and support after the 2005 reshuffle.
• ODAs:
  • Formed in 5 of 6 communes, covering 80% of Kilamba Kixi.
  • Helped in articulating demands for basic services and influencing investment priorities.
  • Aims to formalize under the Law of Associations to hold bank accounts and manage local projects.
• MDF:
  • Operates independently with an executive committee comprising CARE, ODAs, religious organizations, and municipal representatives.
  • Projects focus on basic services, job creation, and inclusion.
  • Has completed projects such as school construction, pedestrian pavements, and forum building.
  • Faces challenges in securing government and private sector funding.

Sustainability Issues

• The Forum's sustainability depends on legal and policy frameworks and ownership.
• The current legal framework allows for consultative bodies but not joint decision-making.
• The Forum is driven by CARE and requires ongoing staff time and funding.
• There is a need for full-time salaried positions to support the Forum and ODAs, ideally funded by the government.

Key Recommendations

• Develop a clear legal and policy framework for municipal fund management and co-productive relationships.
• Strengthen civil society's role in planning and monitoring through institutional support.
• Promote gender balance in both government and civil society organizations.
• Encourage public-private partnerships and broader participation in local governance.
• Ensure long-term funding for programs and formalize structures for sustainability.