2016年-世界发展银行全球_Lessons_Learned_from_Poverty_Mapping_in_the_European_Union_4页_748kb

报告摘要

Summary of Poverty in Europe (March 2016)

Core Content

The Poverty Mapping in the European Union (EU) project, a joint initiative by the World Bank and the European Commission (EC) in cooperation with EU member states, aimed to create high-resolution poverty maps for small geographic areas. These maps were developed using national population census data and EU-SILC household surveys, providing detailed insights into monetary poverty rates across EU regions. The project was designed to support the Europe 2020 strategy, which targets the reduction of poverty and social exclusion by 20 million people by 2020.

The initiative helped improve the targeting of EU funds and informed national and sub-national policy decisions. It also demonstrated the importance of cross-institutional and cross-country collaboration in addressing poverty effectively.

Main Points

Poverty Prevalence: Over 122 million people in the EU (25% of the population) are at risk of poverty or social exclusion.
Project Objective: To produce high-resolution poverty maps for small geographic areas to guide funding allocation and policy development.
Data Sources: Used recent national population censuses and EU-SILC surveys to estimate poverty rates.
EU Funding: The EU allocated one trillion euros in the 2014-2020 financial framework to support growth and reduce poverty.
Institutional Challenges: Collaboration between the World Bank, EC, and national authorities required careful negotiation and adaptation to institutional rules and data access policies.

Key Lessons

Lesson 1: Regional Development as an Entry Point

Poverty Mapping can be integrated into regional development policies, which are a key focus for the EU and its member states.
Regional disparities are a major concern, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, where post-communist economic decline has created "dead spots."
The project demonstrated that poverty maps can be used to highlight spatial inequalities and guide targeted interventions.

Lesson 2: Building on Pre-existing Arrangements

Existing frameworks and trust funds can be leveraged to reduce institutional barriers.
A Programmatic Trust Fund was established to finance the project, overcoming the incompatibility of Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS) with EU audit policies.
Negotiation and understanding of institutional rules were essential to align the project with the needs and constraints of all stakeholders.

Lesson 3: Strategic Engagement and Cross-Country Learning

Strategic partnerships between institutions like the World Bank and EC can enhance technical knowledge and policy application.
Cross-country learning allowed for the sharing of best practices and resources, particularly from middle- and high-income countries to support low-income countries.
Validation studies using registry data in Denmark and Slovenia helped test and refine poverty mapping methodologies.

Lesson 4: Customization is Necessary

A one-size-fits-all approach is not suitable for all EU member states due to diverse institutional structures, data access, and analytical approaches.
Data access and confidentiality agreements varied across countries, requiring tailored negotiations.
Working arrangements with National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) also differed, with some requiring on-site collaboration and others remote analysis.
Dissemination of findings also varied, with some countries publicly sharing detailed data, while others remained skeptical of model-based poverty estimates.

Conclusion

The project highlighted the complexity of poverty mapping in the EU, where institutional and data-related challenges are significant. It also demonstrated the value of strategic collaboration and customized approaches in overcoming these challenges. The World Bank's expertise and the EC's policy focus complemented each other, leading to improved policy design, funding allocation, and understanding of poverty dynamics.

The project not only contributed to the Europe 2020 strategy but also strengthened institutional relationships and set a precedent for future cooperation.

Team Members

World Bank Staff and Consultants

Kenneth Simler (Task Team Leader)
Robin Audy, Alexandru Cojocaru, Céline Ferré, Indiana Fonseca, Azhar Hussain, Maureen Itepu, Sandor Karacsony, Joost de Laat, Peter Lanjouw, Katarina Mathernova, Lei Pan, Ericka Rascon, Thomas Sohnesen, Roy van der Weide, Qinghua Zhao

National Statistical Institutes

Estonia: Julia Aru, Kaja Sõstra
Hungary: Judit Dobszayné Hennel, Éva Ménesi, Ildíkó Merkl
Latvia: Viktors Veretjanovs
Poland: Maciej Beresewicz, Tomasz Jozefowski, Tomasz Klimanek, Jacek Kowalewski, Anna Małasiewicz, Andrzej Młodak, Marcin Szymkowiak, Łukasz Wawrowski
Romania: Andreea Cambir, Nicoleta Caregea, Silvia Pisica
Slovakia: Viera Doktoríková, Róbert Vlačuha
Slovenia: Danilo Dolenc, Tomaz Smrekar