2013年-世界发展银行全球_Development_of_Local_Supply_Chain___A_Critical_Link_for_Concentrated_Solar_Power_in_India_16页_796kb

Summary Report: Development of Local Supply Chain for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in India

Core Content

This report explores the potential for developing a local supply chain for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in India, emphasizing the importance of localization in reducing costs and enhancing the competitiveness of CSP technologies. It outlines the current status of CSP projects, compares Indian costs with international benchmarks, and presents an action plan to stimulate local manufacturing.

Main Objectives

• Assess the potential of Indian industries to establish a manufacturing base for CSP components.
• Evaluate the short, medium, and long-term economic benefits of local manufacturing.
• Propose an action plan to support the development of CSP technologies in India through localization.

Key Findings

Current Status of CSP Projects in India

• During Phase-I Batch-I of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), 65 bidders were shortlisted with a total installed capacity of 2,811 MW, though the MNRE set a ceiling of 470 MW.
• The projects were selected through a reverse auction process, with the winning bidders offering discounts ranging from INR 3.07/kWh to INR 4.82/kWh.
• Developers are currently in the execution phase, with most projects having achieved financial closure and undergoing construction.
• Challenges include lack of experience, inaccurate DNI data, and limited availability of Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF).

Indian Cost Compared to International Projects

• A 50 MW international CSP plant (Parabolic Trough) costs around INR 1,275 crores (USD 290 million), while a similar plant in India costs around INR 560 crores.
• The low bid prices in India may be due to strategic pricing to secure contracts and gain experience, rather than actual cost reduction.
• Factors contributing to higher international costs include premium pricing for sunk costs, longer project preparation cycles, and higher wages.

Localization as a Strategy for Cost Reduction

• Localization is seen as a critical pathway to reduce costs and improve supply chain efficiency.
• Key components such as mirrors, HTF, and turbines are currently imported, contributing significantly to the project cost.
• Local manufacturing of certain components could reduce costs by up to 25%, which would translate to a 5–9% reduction in overall project cost.

Potential Socioeconomic Benefits

• Local manufacturing can create substantial employment opportunities and boost GDP.
• The report outlines three scenarios for socio-economic impact:
  • Scenario A (Pessimistic): 2,000 MW installed capacity, 76% local share, 13% cost reduction, 19,000 jobs.
  • Scenario B (Moderate): 6,000 MW installed capacity, 83% local share, 16% cost reduction, 58,000 jobs.
  • Scenario C (Optimistic): 10,000 MW installed capacity, 90% local share, 20% cost reduction, 96,000 jobs.
• Exports are projected to grow from 400 MW/year in 2022 to 900 MW/year in 2030, with corresponding export market values of INR 5,000 crores, INR 8,000 crores, and INR 11,500 crores, respectively.

Main Views and Recommendations

Competitive Position of Local Industries

• Indian industries have the potential to manufacture CSP components, especially in areas like mirrors, HTF, and turbines.
• Many traditional industries (e.g., glass, metal, oil and gas) can adapt to CSP manufacturing with minimal effort.
• R&D is essential for developing more efficient and cost-effective components, particularly for high-flux receivers and volumetric systems.

Action Plan for Local Manufacturing

• Long-term policy framework for CSP development: Regular allocation for CSP projects, regulatory support for hybrid solar thermal projects, and a Renewable Energy Certificate mechanism.
• Financial planning of subsidies and incentives: Time-bound and milestone-based subsidies, zero excise duties for local components, and tax holidays.
• Promotion of R&D and innovation: Setting up demonstration plants, developing a public knowledge repository, and establishing quality standards.
• Fiscal incentives for R&D: Support for sponsored research and in-house R&D expenditures.
• Low-cost financing: Encouraging banks to provide low-cost financing and setting separate exposure limits for CSP projects.

Key Components and Their Local Manufacturing Potential

Conclusion

India has the potential to develop a competitive local supply chain for CSP components, which can significantly reduce project costs and enhance the viability of solar thermal technologies. This requires a supportive regulatory and fiscal environment, collaboration with international players, and investment in R&D and innovation. The government, along with industry stakeholders, must work together to create a sustainable and favorable business environment for CSP development.