2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_West_Bank_and_Gaza_67页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2018: West Bank and Gaza

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies. It focuses on key areas such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. The report provides objective data to help economies improve their regulatory environments and create a more favorable business climate.

Key Indicators and Data Overview

The report measures various indicators that reflect the ease of doing business in a given economy. For the West Bank and Gaza, the report highlights the following:

• Economy Profile:

  • Region: Middle East & North Africa
  • Income Category: Lower middle income
  • Population: 4,551,566
  • GNI per capita (US$): 3,230
  • City Covered: Ramallah

• Distance to Frontier (DTF):

  • The DTF score measures how far an economy is from the best practices observed in the Doing Business sample since 2005. It is on a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 being the lowest performance and 100 representing the frontier.

• Ease of Doing Business Ranking:

  • The ranking is based on the aggregate DTF scores, with 1 being the best and 190 the worst.

Main Topics and Findings

1. Starting a Business

• Procedures:

  • The process involves 10 procedures for men and 11 for women.
  • One unique procedure for women is obtaining permission from their husband to leave the home.
  • Procedures are conducted in Ramallah.

• Time:

  • For men: 43 days
  • For women: 44 days
  • The overall best performer is New Zealand (0.50 days), while the OECD high income economies have an average of 8.5 days.

• Cost:

  • For men: 45.1% of income per capita
  • For women: 45.1% of income per capita
  • The overall best performer has 0% cost, while OECD high income economies have an average of 3.1%.

• Paid-in Minimum Capital:

  • 0.0% of income per capita for West Bank and Gaza
  • 9.9% for Middle East & North Africa
  • 8.7% for OECD high income economies
  • 0.00% for 113 economies (the overall best performer)

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures:

  • Involves 20 procedures for West Bank and Gaza, compared to 16.2 in the Middle East & North Africa and 12.5 in OECD high income economies.
  • The overall best performer has 7 procedures.

• Time:

  • 108 days for West Bank and Gaza
  • 132.1 days for Middle East & North Africa
  • 154.6 days for OECD high income economies
  • 27.5 days for the overall best performer (Denmark)

• Cost:

  • 13.9% of warehouse value for West Bank and Gaza
  • 4.3% for Middle East & North Africa
  • 1.6% for OECD high income economies
  • 0.10% for the overall best performer (5 economies)

• Building Quality Control Index:

  • Score: 12.0 (West Bank and Gaza)
  • Middle East & North Africa: 11.8
  • OECD high income: 11.4
  • Overall best performer: 15.00 (3 economies)

Key Observations

• The West Bank and Gaza have relatively high procedures, time, and cost compared to the global best performers, especially for women entrepreneurs due to the additional requirement of obtaining their husband's permission to leave the home.
• The construction permit process is also complex, with multiple steps involving various agencies and significant costs.
• The report emphasizes the importance of standardized procedures and the need for transparency and efficiency in business regulation to improve the business environment and create jobs.

Methodology and Assumptions

• The report uses a standardized business model for consistency across economies:
  • A limited liability company with 10–50 employees, 100% domestically owned, and start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income per capita.
  • All procedures are assumed to be completed without bribes, and online procedures are counted as 0.5 days.
• For construction permits, the warehouse is assumed to be a general storage facility, with a total area of 1,300.6 square meters and located in Ramallah.
• The report excludes labor market regulation from the aggregate ease of doing business score but includes it in the DTF calculation.

Recommendations and Reforms

• The report encourages economies to reform their business regulations to align with best practices and reduce the number of procedures, time, and cost.
• It suggests that improving transparency, reducing bureaucratic hurdles, and enhancing the quality of regulatory frameworks can significantly improve the business environment.
• Subnational reports are also provided, allowing cities and regions to compare their regulatory environments and identify areas for improvement.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report serves as a valuable resource for understanding and improving the regulatory environment for businesses. It highlights the challenges faced by the West Bank and Gaza in starting a business and obtaining construction permits, while also providing insights into how these economies can move closer to the global frontier by implementing reforms that enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve regulatory quality.