电力储存技术简介（英文）_28页

Electricity Storage Summary

Core Content

Electricity storage is a critical technology for modern power systems, especially those with a high penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. It allows electricity to be generated when renewable sources are available and consumed when needed, which is essential for maintaining grid stability and supporting the integration of variable renewables.

Main Points

• Importance of Electricity Storage:

  • Enables the use of renewable energy sources by storing surplus electricity for later use.
  • Supports grid stability by balancing supply and demand, ensuring voltage and frequency regulation.
  • Reduces the need for expensive peak-load capacity and improves the efficiency of base-load power plants.

• Current Status of Storage Technologies:

  • Pumped Hydro is the most mature and widely used technology, accounting for 95% of global storage capacity.
  • Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is in demonstration or pre-commercial stages.
  • Flywheels offer high power density and short response times, suitable for frequency regulation and UPS.
  • Supercapacitors provide high power density and long lifetimes, often used in conjunction with batteries.
  • Vanadium Redox Flow Cells (VRB) are suitable for large-scale storage and offer moderate efficiency and low maintenance.
  • Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries are the dominant technology in portable devices and are being explored for renewable energy storage.

• Performance and Costs:

  • Storage performance is evaluated based on energy capacity, charge/discharge rates, response time, efficiency, and energy/power density.
  • Pumped hydro and CAES are the cheapest options per unit of energy, but they have limited scalability for small applications.
  • Li-ion batteries offer the best energy density and cycle efficiency but are still expensive for large-scale power applications.
  • Flywheels and supercapacitors are more suitable for short-term, high-power applications.

• Potential and Barriers:

  • The market for electricity storage is expected to grow rapidly due to the increasing share of renewables and rising costs of peak electricity.
  • Pumped hydro and CAES have moderate expansion potential but require suitable natural sites.
  • Li-ion batteries and other technologies are in various stages of development and need policy support for commercial deployment.
  • Policy measures are crucial to accelerate the adoption of electricity storage technologies.

Key Technologies and Their Characteristics

Policy and Market Considerations

• Market Growth: The global grid-tied storage market is expected to grow from USD 1.5 billion in 2010 to USD 35 billion by 2020.
• Policy Support: Necessary to promote the commercial deployment of emerging storage technologies.
• Integration with Grid: Storage technologies can support grid interconnection and demand-side management.
• Future Prospects: Continued research and development are expected to reduce costs and improve performance, particularly for Li-ion batteries and other advanced storage systems.

Conclusion

Electricity storage is essential for the transition to renewable energy systems. While pumped hydro remains the dominant technology, other options such as Li-ion batteries, flywheels, and VRBs are gaining traction. The choice of technology depends on the specific application, system size, and economic factors. Policy support and technological advancements are key to expanding the storage market and ensuring a reliable and sustainable electricity system.